The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay This is about to finding out the importance of service quality, how people give importance and also how this service quality helped the Tesco to wash out the other retail firms even they are equal in size ,market share etc. While purchasing a product the consumer will consider many factors for selecting a retail outlet. Price ,service ,range of products, etc are the promenate ones among them out of this, quality of service plays a vital role the best example for this is the success behind the grocery giant Tesco . Therefore the need and scope of the study is to examine the importance given to the service quality by consumers while selecting retail. Service characteristics: many may have their own presumption regarding the service. It is basically intangible, inseparable, heterogeneity and pershhability. The first one is like people will feel they cannot see. The next state that goods can be purchased but service cannot be purchased like this service facilitates to buy a product. Inseparability is the performance or quality achieved on produced and consumed at the same time. The other one explains that the service quality cannot be determined exactly, it is hard to structure and the last characteristic of this service quality is as this service cannot be stored and provided it should reach the customers in effective manner. (Davies and Ward., P. 282.283, 285).In 1960s and 1970 the price factor was dominating the retailers and their competitor. They were concentrating more on pricing the products, higher margins etc. in 1980s retailers started working more on non price activities like customer satisfaction .service quality etc. t hese factors gave them competitive advantage. They separately worked on customer service strategies developed along with merchandising strategy to process the consumer in search, delivery, store selection process etc this all to retain the customer loyal to the store and makes them come often for the purchase and making the customer consider that their tore as first choice store. If the retailer wants to make good business he has to work on service quality, he has to work on the ways of giving the best service to the customers. (Cook and Wartlers, P.157, 159) Food enterprises started implement this quality control because customers knew the importance of health. So retailers were in stress to use it in order to extend their market growth and also to provide safety food. Small food enterprises have forced to implement because even suppliers started to demand the quality certificate. So small enterprises are forced to get this one this helped them to them compete with competitors. (Husband and Mandal, 1999 and Rodrà ¬nges-Escobar et al., 2006). This Cleary states the importance of quality and a service required by the customers and also tells how people preference has improved. (http/:www.Sundirect.com Copyright  © 2008) There should be a proper sale promotion than only it is meaningful to proper sales will be there or else people will not know about the store, this increase the sale. Like some techniques followed in like stop and shop even customer who not have any idea of getting into the store should be encouraged to do some shopping in the store like if some customer coming to shop should motivate him to buy something and buy bigger this is suggesting the buyer to buy more products in order to give him some offers for e.g. mega mart in India. The importance of this promotion activity makes the store well reputed, selling more goods making the customers comfortable by getting the things they need. for e.g. some goods may be in upper shelf they find hard to get that product there should be some representative to help them.(Pardhan ., p.171) there are lot losses in retail sector only few are able to make profit but also there are lot of difference with these stores many people had research like pric ing, products avialabtiy etc. There are various stores available now lot of oppurnities for people to choose the shops. Generally price and service are the e factors which attract the customer even all store people can reduce the price to certain level but all stores cannot provide the same service quality of another. So basically comparison starts with price and services at present they are able to give the price but not service. In 170s there were big competition between four stores Tesco, sains bury, and asda and kwik save these were making good profit in these periods. These gaining more on 1970-80 not because of own brands but through loyalty. They sold only good products as a result these all stores got well established Tesco 7.2 8.6 8.3 12.0 13.6 Sains bury 6.1 7.02 7.7 11.5 11.9 asda 1.5 2.5 11.5 5.5 7.3 international 3.2 3.0 5.5 4.0 5.2 Fine fare 4.8 4.2 4.0 4.2 5.0 Kwik save 0.3 0.6 1.4 4.0 4.9 Allied supplier 7.9 7.0 5.7 5.0 4.8 . As this table shows the constant growth of the stores like tesco, sains burys, asda and international this growth is because of their prices and service rendered by the store. In consequent years Tesco ranked as 3 from 5 having turnover around  £ 953 million. All other stores are also improving but not like Tesco. (Retail structure pg no: 101, 2nd edition) even there is lot of fluctuatations in growth because of services rendered by the stores. There are variety of competitors there they all compete with Tesco. Tesco shows it s growth only because of various fore thinking strategies. (Akerurst and Alexander., P. 106,) From all the reference we can say that Tesco is steadily growing up with various strategies but it concentrates more on service qualities. Tesco is one of the important stores in British retailing. It sells at low price and also very excellent its service as according to the customer needs it changes the business. Even it has many competitions with equal potential it survive as the first in its performance. (Ferine and Sparks.,, P. 101) Retail environment is turning rapidly, customers wants are changing and also expectations also increased, so retailers find difficult to satisfy the customers changing needs which cannot be retained by price reduction, discounts offers etc. This can be achieved by quality of service given to the customer .for e.g. appropriate space for car parking, enough space for people to shop inside the store etc. for e.g. Tesco which has a great place for car park big place to shop so people find easy to go there and also care taken in stores with public this all services make the store successful. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/230784q16g50121x/) PROBLEM DEFINITION: The main focus of this grocery store is to retain the customer its not like fashion store or footwear store for e.g. if we buy a shirt will use that for certain months or year as similar for shoe and slippers but for grocery it is totally different we will not use the products will consume it so repeated purchases will take within certain time. Grocery is totally different aspect there will be repeated purchases in this segment, because we will not use but we will consume grocery products. Main motivate of grocery retailer is to retain the consumers, which is very essential now a day consumers expectations are more, the need for service is increasing. Therefore the purpose of the study is about service quality because his makes the consumer to retain with the store. The study is about service quality which is also key contribution for the success of Tesco. Objectives of the study: Analyzing the customer satisfaction on the quality of service rendered by Tesco. How Tesco was able to succeed its rivals. What others retailers lack in their service quality. RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design is an arrangement of terms for the collection and verifying the information for a research study, which will clearly states the purpose and need of the research like (for whom ? why ?) .(Saunders ,Lewies , Thornhill .,P., P.153) TYPE OF INVESTIGATION: The research design is Descriptive in nature because; I will be having a clear idea about the person by the answers given by him. Descriptive study is nothing but showing the accurate profile of the person. (Saunders, Lewies, Thornhill., P. 134) SAMPLING DESIGN: Non-Probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in population has being included in the sample. The sampling procedure for the study is non-probability sampling. I am also dont know the correct population, so I define my design as non probability design (Research methods pg no: 207,208,226).the technique used in research is simple random technique it can be used with the undefined population. We can select the results in simple random sampling because these are hard to get correct answers and also my research is also very similar because very large customer so I have taken simple random sampling technique. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill., P. 219) Primary data is the data collected directly from the sample. The primary data will be collected through personal interviews and questionnaires from the consumers who all coming to Tesco. Secondary data are those, which have been already gathered by others. The secondary data was collected from books, company profile, project reports, journals and websites. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Data collection method should be very appropriate when we decide the method we have to think it in various aspects because we have to yield the good interview. So we have to plan in effective manner. The instrument used for research is a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire will be collected through schedule. A schedule consists of a list of a projects terminal element with intended start and finish dates. Respondents were contacted personally and were questionnaire is collected using schedule. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill, P. 152) CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY: From all my reference I am able to understand the importance of service qualities and how it induce the organization it is very important reason for success of Tesco and also because of this lack of service quality many organization lost its market. So all employee in an organization should concentrate on service quality they have to work toward the satisfying customers and retaining them with the organization and also there should be proper motivation given to the employee to give the core benefits to the customers there should be more convenience for eg.24hours opened and 24 ATM insurances car insurances etc these are the services to be rendered.

Ppi and the Big Mac Index

Estimating the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of currencies using the Big Mac Indexâ„ ¢ Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Purchasing Power Parity and Theory of one Price 3. Over/Under Valuation of currencies against the Dollar 5. Comparative analysis of the most overvalued to the most undervalued 6. Observation and Alternative indexes 7. Limitations 8. Appendix INTRODUCTION Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an important and critical topic in international economics. It arises when the purchasing power of an amount of money is the same in different countries. This is when prices of two different countries are converted to a common currency. The idea is based on the law of one price, where in the absence of official trade restrictions, similar goods will have the same price in different markets, with the prices being expressed in the same (common) currency. Deviations from parity infer differences in purchasing power of goods across countries, which means that for the purposes of many international comparisons, countries' GDPs or other national income statistics need to be â€Å"PPP adjusted† and converted into common units. There can be a huge difference when adjusted by purchasing power and when converted via market exchange rates. For ex:- If calculated at nominal exchange rates, India has the tenth largest economy while adjusting by PPP, India has the fourth largest economy. Thus, to remove this discrepancy, a common currency of measurement is highly essential. The Big Mac Index is an example of a measure of law of one price. It refers to the prices of a Big Mac burger in McDonald's restaurants in different countries. It helps in determining whether a currency is undervalued or overvalued and thus accordingly gives an idea about the direction in which currencies should move. The Big Mac was selected because it is available for a common purpose in many countries around the world as local McDonald's franchisees have significant responsibility for converting input prices(at least in theory). The Big Mac Index is useful because it is based on a very well-known food item whose final price can be easily tracked in many countries. PPP and the Theory of One Price The One-Price Theory The theory of PPP and One price go hand in hand. It is imperative to understand the implication of â€Å"One Price† to understand the Purchase Power Parity as it is based on that. The Law of One Price proposes that if a gadget costs $2 in USA and the same gadget costs Rs 5 in India , then the exchange rate should be 2/5 = 0. 40 for the real prices to be same in both the countries. Let us denote it empirically as Price of a good in one country A be X and Price of the same good in some other country B is X* , then equalization of both the prices can be done using exchange rate denoted by the formula Exchange Rate = X/X* Suppose in the above example where the exchange rate is calculated to be 0. 4, increases to 0. 6, and then the same gadget would cost Rs 8. 33 in India. This would result in the inflow of gadgets to India from USA causing increase in the demand of dollars and increase in supply of Rupees. Law of One Price (LoOP) It states that identical goods should sell at same price in two different markets when there are no transportation costs and no differential taxes applied in two markets One Price Theory and PPP While this concept of one –price here in the example is being applied to one commodity, it can be applied universally to all other commodities in market as well. The Big Mac burger is one of the brightest examples of the application of One-Price to a commodity. It looks at the price of a big Mac burger across different countries. This way Purchase Power Parity applies not just to a single commodity but on general price level. This way we can universally derive a relation of One-Price theory and Purchase Power Parity. The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti in the year 1967 and introduced throughout the US in 1968. The Big Mac is now available in around 120 countries around the world and its composition is generally the same throughout – two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun. Since beef is not consumed in India, a special Mac known as the â€Å"Maharaja Mac† can be found with chicken patties replacing beef patties. In Islamic countries the Big Mac is made with Halal beef and in Israel it is made with Kosher beef. The price of a Big Mac in US is calculated by the average of 4 cities – Atlanta, New York, Chicago and San Francisco. The price of Big Mac in Euro area is calculated by the weighted average of prices in Euro area. The Big Mac considered in India is the Maharaja Mac. Country| Big Mac Price| Implied PPP rate +| Today's| Over(+) / Under(-) Valuation against the USD, % ++| | | | Exchange Rate| | in Local Currency| in US dollars| | 1 USD =| | US| $ 4. 07| 4. 07| —| 1| —| Argentina| Peso 20. 0| 4. 4153463| 4. 92| 4. 530| 8. 6175| Australia| A$ 4. 56| 4. 6373416| 1. 12| 0. 983| 13. 8996| Brazil| Real 9. 50| 5. 2511951| 2. 34| 1. 809| 29. 3452| Britain| ? 2. 39| 3. 7447139| 0. 59| 0. 638| -7. 5573| Canada| C$ 4. 73| 4. 6363004 | 1. 16| 1. 020| 13. 7021| Chile| Peso 1850| 3. 6281104| 455| 509. 907| -10. 7681| China| Yuan 14. 7| 2. 3129209| 3. 6| 6. 356| -43. 3570| Colombia| Peso 8400| 4. 326| 2066| 1941. 748| 6. 3990| Czech Republic| Koruna 69. 3| 3. 6412205| 17. 1| 19. 32| -10. 1517| Denmark| DK 28. 5| 5. 1401734| 7. 01| 5. 545| 26. 4302| Egypt| Pound 14. 1| 2. 3477628| 3. 47| 6. 006| -42. 2217| Euro area| Euro 3. 44| 4. 6013727| 1. 18| 0. 748| 57. 8378| Hong Kong| HK$ 15. 1| 1. 9404672| 3. 71| 7. 782| -52. 3236| Hungary| Forint 760| 3. 3439474| 187| 227. 276| -17. 7213| India| Rupee 84. 0| 1. 6163756| 20. 7| 51. 968| -60. 1679| Indonesia| Rupiah 22534| 2. 501274| 5543| 9009. 009| -38. 4727| Israel| Shekel 15. 9| 4. 2277811| 3. 91| 3. 761| 3. 9662| Japan| ? 320| 4. 1212269| 78. 7| 77. 647| 1. 3564| Malaysia| Ringgit 7. 20| 2. 2981176| 1. 7| 3. 133| -43. 5046| Mexico| Peso 32. 0| 2. 3459637| 7. 87| 13. 640| -42. 3040| New Zealand| NZ$ 5. 10| 3. 9382574| 1. 25| 1. 295| -3. 4741| Norway| Kroner 45. 0| 7. 832 1279| 11. 1| 5. 746| 93. 1925| Pakistan| Rupee 205| 2. 3019159| 50. 5| 89. 056| -43. 2943| Peru| New Sol 10| 3. 7022146| 2. 46| 2. 701| -8. 9255| Philippines| Peso 118| 2. 7064108| 29| 43. 600| -33. 4865| Poland| Zloty 8. 63| 2. 5572242| 2. 12| 3. 375| -37. 1806| Russia| Rouble 75. 0| 2. 3810975| 18. 5| 31. 498| -41. 2663| Saudi Arabia| Riyal 10. 0| 2. 6661761| 2. 46| 3. 751| -34. 4121| Singapore| S$ 4. 1| 3. 4060498| 1. 08| 1. 295| -16. 5865| South Africa| Rand 19. 45| 2. 3850647| 4. 78| 8. 155| -41. 3850| South Korea| Won 3700| 3. 2782| 910| 1128. 668| -19. 3740| Sweden| SKr 48. 4| 7. 1816695| 11. 9| 6. 739| 76. 5741| Switzerland| SFr 6. 5| 7. 036772| 1. 6| 0. 924| 73. 2128| Taiwan| NT$ 75. 0| 2. 4825847| 18. 5| 30. 210| -38. 7629| Thailand| Baht 70. 0| 2. 2628537| 17. 2| 30. 934| -44. 3985| Turkey| Lire 6. 5| 3. 5532705| 1. 6| 1. 829| -12. 5349| + The Purchasing Power Parity or the PPP rate is the price of Big Mac in local currency divided by the price in the US. Price of Big Mac (and corresponding implied PPP rates from The Economist and is the latest). ++ The Over/Under valuation against the dollar is calculated using Exchangerate’s latest rates ( i. e as of 09/12/2011): 100 x ( P P P – Exchange Rate) / Exchange Rate (Source http://www. exchangerate. com/) OBSERVATION The most overvalued of currencies is the European Nordic countries’ currencies and most undervalued is the Indian Rupee. At market exchange rates, the Burger is 60% cheaper in India than in US. In other words, the Indian rupee is 60% undervalued against the dollar. However it should be noted that cheap burgers in India don’t mean that the Indian rupee is highly undervalued. Average prices should be lower in poor countries than in rich ones because labor costs are lower. The chart in the Appendix A shows a strong positive relationship between the dollar price of a Big Mac and GDP per person. Purchasing Power Parity is actually an indicator where exchange rates should move in the long run. For estimating the current fair value of a currency, a best fit line is drawn between Big Mac prices and GDP per person. The price thus predicted after the best fit line is drawn is compared with the actual price and this provides a better estimation of the currency over and under valuation than the above index. The â€Å"beefed up† index shows that the Brazilian Real is the most overvalued in the world; the Euro is also slightly overvalued. However the two major developing countries – India and China appear to be almost equal to its fair values. ALTERNATIVE INDICES An index similar to the Big Mac index has also been developed by the financial company UBS as part of general compilation of differences in prices and incomes around the globe. The Economist  also comes out with variants of the same. For example in the month of January in 2004, it proposed a  Tall Latte index  by replacing the Big Mac with a Starbucks Tall Latte. Refer Appendix B for the same. Commonwealth Securities, an Australian bank's subsidiary, proposed to create the iPod index by using the concepts behind the Big Mac index. The banks contention that since the Big Mac index can be distorted by taxes, transport costs, labour laws and trade barriers in each country and the iPod was made in a single country – China, it made more sense to use the iPod as a measuring index. Since the iPod was made in a single country, the price should be broadly be the same all over the world and if the price difference were substantial, customers would switch their purchases to other countries (thanks to internet). However it was found to be ineffective since freight charges vary from country to country and countries such as US may get volume discounts. Bloomberg LP also introduced an alternative index known as Billy index after the iconic Ikea’s bookshelf. The index was calculated after converting the bookshelf’s price to US dollars. LIMITATIONS aapendix a APPENDIX B APPENDIX C (Exchange Rates as Of 9th December 2011) | | Country| Currency| ISO| 12-08-2011| 12-09-2011| % Change| | | ARGENTINA| Peso| ARS| 4. 52995| 4. 529656| -0. 01%|   | | | AUSTRALIA| Dollar| AUD| 0. 975877| 0. 983322| 0. 76%| |   | | AUSTRIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | BELGIUM| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | BRAZIL| Real| BRL| 1. 804477| 1. 809112| 0. 26%|   | | CANADA| Dollar| CAD| 1. 014437| 1. 02021| 0. 57%| | | | CHILE| Peso| CLP| 508. 4706| 509. 9073| 0. 28%|   | | | CHINA| Yuan| CNY| 6. 362878| 6. 3556| -0. 11%| | | CZECH REP. | Koruna| CZK| 18. 90629| 19. 3208| 0. 67%|   | | DENMARK| Krone| DKK| 5. 542461| 5. 54456| 0. 04%| | | | EUROPEAN UNION| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | FINLAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | FRANCE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | GERMANY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | | GREECE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | HONG KONG| Dollar| HKD| 7. 776135| 7. 781631| 0. 07%| |   | HUNGARY| Forint| HUF| 227. 0945| 227. 2763| 0. 08%|   | | | ICELAND| Krona| ISK| 119. 1911| 118. 9654| -0. 19%| | | | INDIA| Rupee| INR| 51. 73987| 51. 96812| 0. 44%|   | | INTNL MON. FUND| SDR| XDR| 0. 642256| 0. 642147| -0. 02%| |   | | IRELAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | ISRAEL| Sheqel| ILS| 3. 775473| 3. 760838| -0. 39%| |   | ITALY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | JAPAN| Yen| JPY| 77. 60051| 77. 64678| 0. 06%| | | | KOREA (SOUTH)| Won| KRW| 1132. 612| 1146. 365| 1. 21%| | | KUWAIT| Dinar| KWD| 0. 277164| 0. 277164| 0. 00%| -| | | MEXICO| Peso| MXN| 13. 62357| 13. 64045| 0. 12%|   | | | NETHERLANDS| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | NEW ZEALAND| Dollar| NZD| 1. 28856| 1. 294989| 0. 50%|   | | | NORWAY| Krone| NOK| 5. 70238| 5. 745565| -0. 43%| | | | PAKISTAN| Rupee| PKR| 89. 01636| 89. 05625| 0. 04%|   | | PERU| Sol| PEN| 2. 701086| 2. 701086| 0. 00%| -| | | PHILIPPINES| Peso| PHP| 43. 29727| 43. 60018| 0. 70%|   | | | POLAND| Zloty| PLN| 3. 360573| 3. 374753| 0. 42%| | | | PORTUGAL| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | ROMANIA| Leu| RON| 3. 23797| 3. 23797| 0. 00%| -| | | RUSSIA| Ruble| RUB| 31. 43216| 31. 49808| 0. 21%|   | | | SAUDI ARABIA| Riyal| SAR| 3. 750569| 3. 75069| 0. 00%| | | | SINGAPORE| Dollar| SGD| 1. 291813| 1. 294755| 0. 23%|   | | SLOVAKIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 4%| | | | SOUTH AFRICA| Rand| ZAR| 8. 204971| 8. 154915| -0. 61%|   | | | SPAIN| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | SWEDEN| Krona| SEK| 6. 771076| 6. 73938| -0. 47%|   | | | SWITZERLAND| Franc| CHF| 0. 925818| 0. 923719| -0. 23%| | | | TAIWAN| Dollar| TWD| 30. 16208| 30. 21045| 0. 16%|   | | THAILAND| Baht| THB| 30. 77703| 30. 93439| 0. 51%| |   | | U. A. E. | Dirham| AED| 3. 673236| 3. 673236| 0. 00%| -| | | UKRAINE| Hryvnia| UAH| 8. 000472| 7. 998369| -0. 03%| |   | UNITED KINGDOM| Pound| GBP| 0. 637984| 0. 638233| 0. 04%|   | | | UNITED STATES| Dollar| USD| 1| 1| 0. 00%| -|

Topics for Technology Essay Exposed

Topics for Technology Essay Exposed Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. Typically, a structure of essay includes three principal sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. After you produce a list of subjects you enjoy, think of the way you can approach it from an intriguing angle. Because there's a substantial number of topics which can be covered, here are 10 best ideas, which may encourage an original subject of your own. If you can't come up with two or three, then you may require a new subject. If you're able to settle on a topic that is applicable to your life, you'll discover that you are better focused on completing the job. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. The Lost Secret of Topics for Technology Essay Writing a speech may sometimes look challenging, especially if you're uncomfortable giving speeches to others. Students have to follo w the provided steps if they wish to choose excellent topics for thesis. They find the task of selecting thesis topics most difficult and they look for proper guidance. Often college students get into plenty of stress to get the perfect topic for the essay. Topics for Technology Essay - Dead or Alive? Choosing appropriate procedures for investigation is critical because unreliable methods will cause unreliable outcomes. Students may take assistance from professional thesis writing services as in the previous few years the area of assignment assistance has gotten more productive and updated. Be part of our happy clients who have found the very best essay service online and are enjoying the advantages of it. Though there are lots of thesis help solutions, the students mostly search for the most authentic thesis help businesses, which provide their services at quite a reasonable speed. By way of example, most people already know that food can be broken into various food groups depending on the nutrition each food provides. It might be hard for you to produce an original topic about life because so many men and women have written about it already. Men and women work out for different explanations. Furthermore, they drink for various reasons. Topics for Technology Essay Explained You may see an instance of an SEJ Link Roundup here. Technology proceeds so fast it will self-destruct. It is changing the world we live in and it should be shown in the essay. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. You've approached the last portion of your essay. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. In order to create nice and attractive crime and punishment essay titles, you first have to understand the aim of your essay writing and your target audience then your head will be clear to pick a path. Among the various types of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. So, so as to compose decent crime and punishment essay, you will need to create a superior title. In the same way as any other essay, a definition one has its peculiarities in addition to content requirements that should be met to be successful in the writing. In any event, it's imperative that you set in the prewriting time to develop some great classification essay topics. Among the toughest areas of writing the chemistry paper is making the selection of what topic to write about, especially because it appears that chemistry topics are extremely similar to one another. At the exact same time, the subject might be treated in a wide range of ways and from different standpoint. You will discover that several of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any sort of writing assignment. Selecting an intriguing topic is vital for the success of your research projec t because it is going to send you in the proper direction and help you to stay interested and motivated during the whole writing process.

October Calendar of Famous Inventions and Birthdays

October marks the first full month of fall and the coming of the Halloween and holiday season, but its the month when many  famous inventors  and scientists were born and a number of great inventions and brands were patented, trademarked, or copyrighted. Whether youre curious about who shares the same October birthday as you or just want to know what happened on this day in history, check out some of the great things that happened in October. Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Find out what famous events happened on the October calendar concerning the history of patents, trademarks, or copyrights—from the first episode of the Twilight Zone on October 1, 1959, to the patent for the ballpoint pen in 1888. October 1 1959 - The first episode of Rod Sterlings Twilight Zone was copyright registered. October 2 1963 -  Martin Luther Kings famous I Have A Dream speech was copyright registered. October 3 1950 - The transistor was patented by Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain. October 4 1949 - The patent for an antibiotic for typhoid was granted to Crooks, Rebstock, Controalis, and Bartz. October 5 1961 - Breakfast at Tiffanys, the movie based on Truman Capotes book, was copyright registered. October 6 1941 - Electric photography, now referred to as xerography or photocopying, was patented by Chester Carlson. October 7 1975 -  Patent  Number 3,909,854 was granted to Ysidro M. Martinez for a knee implant prosthesis. October 8 1901 - Domino Sugar was trademark registered. October 9 1855 - Isaac Singer patented his sewing machine. The first functional sewing machine  was invented by Barthelemy Thimonnier in 1830, and he was almost killed by enraged French tailors because they felt threatened by his invention. October 10 1911 -  Henry Ford received a patent for an automobile transmission mechanism. October 11 1841 - A patent for a collapsible tube for use with such items as toothpaste was granted to John Rand. October 12 1972 - Stevie Wonder copyright registered the words and music for You Are the Sunshine of My Life—Wonder registered his first work at age 14 in 1964. October 13 1893 - The melody for Happy Birthday To You was copyright registered. Happy Birthday was originally published as Good Morning To All in a book called Song Stories for the Kindergarten written by Mildred and Patty Hill. October 14 1835 -  Henry Blair received a patent in for an improved corn planter. October 15 1991 - Pizza Hut was trademark registered. October 16 1900 -  Frank Sprague was granted a patent for a multi-control for electric trains. October 17 1961 - Hot Rocks Candy was trademark registered. October 18 1931 - The famous inventor  Thomas Alva Edison died in West Orange, NJ, at age 84. October 19 1953 - Ray Bradburys novel, Fahrenheit 451 was copyright registered. Fahrenheit 451 was based on Bradburys earlier short story called The Fireman and later made into a movie. October 20 1904 - The song Yankee Doodle Boy was copyright registered. October 21 1958 - Tater Tots were trademark registered. October 22 1940 - Julian, Mayer, and Krause received a patent for cortisone, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, adrenal insufficiency, allergies, diseases of connective tissue, and gout. October 23 1877 - A patent for a gas-motor engine was issued to Nicolaus Otto  and Francis and William Crossley. October 24 1836 - Alonzo Phillips patented a friction match.1861 - The first transcontinental telegraph system was completed, making it possible to transmit messages rapidly (by mid-19th-century standards) from coast to coast. October 25 1960 - The musical play Camelot by Loewe and Lerner was copyright registered. October 26 1928 - The novel Peter Pan by James Barrie was copyright registered. October 27 1992 -  Nintendo of America copyright registered the configuration of its hand-held game machine. October 28 1879 - William Lincoln was issued a patent for a lamp. October 29 1955 - Warner Brothers copyright registered the movie A Rebel without a Cause starring James Dean. October 30 1888 - A patent for a ballpoint pen was received by John Loud. October 31 1961 - Patent Number 3,003,667 was granted to Edward Aguado of St. Louis, MO, for an airway for artificial respiration.2,000 B.C. -   The pagans were known to celebrate the last night of their year on All Hallows Eve, which later became known as  Halloween  and was adopted as a trick or treat holiday. October Birthdays: Inventors, Scientists, and Artists Many notable historical figures in the fields of science, arts, and inventions were born in the 10th month of the Gregorian calendar, so read on to find out who shares your October birthday. October 1 1870 - Pieter van Essen was a Dutch artillery officer and the inventor of grape-shot shells.1904 - Otto Frisch was a noted Austrian physicist who worked on the  Manhattan Project  as  part of the team that built the atomic bomb.1916 - Hungarian Tibor Reich was a textile designer who designed a textile for Princess Elizabeths wedding  and was also awarded a Design Centre Award for his photographically based Flamingo printed textile in 1957 during the Awards inaugural year.1931 - Reginald Hall was a noted endocrinologist who  established internationally acclaimed  endocrine units in Newcastle and Cardiff, with special expertise in diseases of the thyroid and pituitary glands. October 2 1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor was an English anthropologist credited with sparking interest in anthropological science in England as a result of his research on primitive people’s mentality,  in particular, animism.1832 -  Julius von Sachs was a  German botanist who  researched nutrition, tropism, and transpiration of water in plant physiology.1852 - William Ramsay was a British chemist who discovered  neon gas.1891 - Henry Van Arsdale Porter invented the fan-shaped backboard used in basketball.1907 -  Alexander Robertus was a  British biochemist who  researched the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes, and won the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.1907 - Lord Todd was a Scottish biochemist whose investigations of the building blocks of heredity earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957.1914 - Jack Parsons was an American rocket scientist. October 3 1803 - John Gorrie invented a cold-air process of  refrigeration.1844 - Patrick Manson is  considered the father of tropical medicine.1854 - William Crawford Gorgas served as the American Surgeon-General and helped cure yellow fever.1904 - Charles Pedersen was a noted British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1987. October 4 1832 - William Griggs invented photo-chromo lithography. October 5 1713 - Denis Diderot was a French encyclopedist who wrote the Dictionnaire Encyclopedique.1864 -  Louis Lumiere  made the first motion picture in 1895,  invented camera equipment for making movies, and created a projector for viewing movies.1882 - Giorgio Abetti was a noted Italian astronomer who researched and wrote about solar physics. October 6 1824 - Henry Chadwick was a baseball pioneer  who developed the first rule book for baseball.1846 -  George Westinghouse  was the inventor and businessman responsible for a commercial alternating current system.1866 -  Reginald Fessenden  was an inventor who broadcast the first program of voice and music.1918 - Abraham Robinson was a noted German mathematician most widely known for the development of non-standard analysis.1940 - John Warnock is a noted American computer scientist best known as the co-founder with Charles Geschke of Adobe Systems Inc. October 7 1903 - Louis S.  B. Leakey was a famous archaeologist and anthropologist who convinced other scientists that Africa was the most significant area to search for evidence of human origins.1927 - R. D. Laing was a famous Scottish psychologist who wrote extensively on mental illness and the experience of psychosis. October 8 1869 -  Frank Duryea  was an inventor who made the first auto built and operated in the U.S.1917 -  Rodney Robert Porter was an  English biochemist who  shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology for determining the exact chemical structure of an antibody. October 9 1873 -  Karl Schwarzschild was a  German physicist and astronomer who  is best known for providing the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity known as the Schwarzschild solution. October 10 1757 - Erik Acharius was a Swedish botanist called The father of lichenology. October 11 1758 - Wilhelm Olbers discovered the asteroids Pallas and Vesta.1821 -  George Williams was the Englishman who founded the YMCA.1844 - Henry John Heinz founded the prepared-foods company Heinz 57 Varieties.1884 - Friedrich C. R. Bergius was a  German chemist who  derived benzine from brown coal and won the Nobel Prize. October 12 1860 - Elmer Sperry was the inventor of the gyrocompass.1875 -  Aleister Crowley  was a  British occultist who  founded the religion of Thelema.1923 - Jean Nidetch was the  American nutritionist who  invented Weight Watchers. October 13 1769 - Horace H.  Hayden was considered the architect of the American system of  dental  education and the organizer of professional dentistry, who also co-founded the first dental college.1821 -  Rudolf Virchow was a German scientist who is referred to as the Father of Pathology and the founder of the field of Social Medicine.1863 -  Auguste Rateau was a  French mining engineer who  invented the Rateau steam turbine. October 14 1857 -  Elwood Haynes was an auto pioneer who  built one of the earliest American automobiles.1900 - W. Edwards Deming was a noted American scientist.1939 -  Ralph Lauren was the fashion designer who reinvented chaps.1954 - Mordechai Vanunu was a noted Israeli scientist. October 15 1924 - Lee A.  Iacocca is a CEO of Chrysler Corp1937 -  Anthony Hopkins  was a clinical neurologist who served as the  Director of the Research Unit at the Royal College of Physicians since 1988 (until his death in 1997). October 16 1708 - Albrecht von Haller was a  Swiss scientist who focused on  experimental physiology at the Academy of Science.1925 -  Lorraine Sweeney  was a  communications specialist1930 -  John Polkinghorne  was a British Physicist who was a prominent voice in explaining the relationship between religion and science.1979 - Matt Nagle was  born in Massachusetts as a quadriplegic and became the first to use a brain-computer interface to control movement. October 17 1563 - Jodocus Hondius was a Flemish mathematician and cartographer.1806 - Alphonse L.P.P. de Candolle was a Swiss botanist who wrote Gà ©ographie botanique raisonnà ©e to compile large amounts of data from the scientific expeditions taking place at the time.1947 - Charles A. Ingene was a macro-marketing researcher who wrote Mathematical Models of Distribution Channels. October 18 1854 - Solomon A. Andree was a Swedish engineer, balloonist, and Arctic explorer.1859 - Henri Bergson was a French philosopher who studied creative evolution and won the Nobel Prize in 1927.1947 - Luc Journet was a Belgian physician who wrote the Order of Zonnetempel. October 19 1859 - Georg Knorr was a German engineer who created brake system trains.1895 - Lewis Mumford was an American Sociologist who studied urban cities and architecture.1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian-American astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1983 for his work on the structural evolution of stars. October 20 1812 - Austin Flint was a 19th-century heart research pioneer.1859 - John Dewey was a philosopher, educational theorist, and writer who emphasized learn by doing in education.1891 - James Chadwick was the English physicist who discovered the neutron.1924 - Kenneth William Gatland was an aerospace scientist who became an expert on spaceflight. October 21 1833 -  Alfred Nobel  was the Swedish scientist who invented the detonator for dynamite and nitroglycerin, after whom the Nobel Prize was named.1839 - Georg von Siemens founded the Deutsche Bank. October 22 1896 - Charles Glenn King was the biochemist who discovered vitamin C1903 - George Beadle was the American biologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1958 for discovering the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells.1905 - Karl Jansky was a Czechoslovakian who was the first person to discover cosmic radio emissions in 1932. October 23 1942 - Anita Roddick is the  English cosmetic manufacturer who founded the Body Shop. October 24 1632 -  Antony van Leeuwenhoek  was considered the father of microscopy because of the advances he made in microscope design and use.1953 - Steven Hatfill was an American scientist and a former researcher of biodefense for the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases who was accused (wrongfully) of starting the 2004 anthrax attacks.1908 - John Alwyne Kitching was a British zoologist and famed lecturer on biology at a number of Ivy League schools. October 25 1790 - Robert Stirling was the Scottish inventor responsible for creating the Sterling engine.1811 - Evariste Galois was a French mathematician  who wrote The Theory of G.1877 - Henry Norris Russell was an astronomy who discovered the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.1929 - Roger John Tayler was a British astrophysicist who wrote a number of textbooks about  stellar structure and evolution, plasma stability,  nucleogenesis, and cosmology.1945 - David Norman Schramm was an  American astrophysicist who was once the leading expert on the Big Bang theory. October 26 1855 - Charles Post invented the breakfast cereal Post Cereals.1917 - Felix the Cat was a famous cartoon cat who first made his debut  on this date. October 27 1811 - Issac Singer created the home sewing machine company Singer, used by everyone from professional designers to stay-at-home moms.1872 - Emily Post was an authority on etiquette.1917 - Oliver Tambo was the co-founder of the African National Congress. October 28 1793 - Eliphalet Remington was the  American gunmaker who invented the Remington rifle.1855 - Ivan V. Mitshurin was a Russian botanist who identified many new types of fruit.1893 - Christopher K. Ingold was an  English chemist who developed the idea of  reaction mechanisms and the electronic structure of organic compounds.1914 - Jonas Salk was the  American medical researcher who invented the polio vaccine.1914 - Richard Lawrence Millington Synge was a British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1952.1967 - John Romero is an  American computer scientist who pioneered First Person Shooters (FPSs) like Doom and Quake in the 1980s. October 29 1656 - Edmond Halley was an English scientist who computer the orbit for Halleys Comet, which is where it got its name. October 30 1880 - Abram F. Ioffe was a Russian physicist who  established research laboratories for radioactivity, superconductivity, and nuclear physics.1928 - Daniel Nathans was an  American scientist who won the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes. October 31 1755 - Jean Louis van Aelbroeck was a  Flemish agronomist whose work  led to dispensing with an extended fallow period between crops.1815 - Karl Weierstrass was a Germany mathematician who wrote the theory of functions.1835 - J. F. W. Adolf Ritter von Baeyer was a German chemist who won the  Nobel Prize  in 1905.1847 - Galileo Ferraris was an Italian physicist who invented AC power and the induction motor.1898 - Alfred Sauvy was a  French statistician who wrote Affluence and Population.1935 - Ronald Graham is an American mathematician who pioneered the field of discrete mathematics.