Water Meter Data Management System Analysis

Water Meter Data Management System Analysis Framework ANALYSIS EXISTING SYSTEM The traditional charging framework for water utilization includes individual visits each private and read the meter information physically. The gathered information are utilized for charging reason. Manual readings can cause mistake and can prompt debasement. Therefore the charging framework can get off base and wasteful. There are odds of holes and robbery which couldn't be distinguished. A customary water meters give just absolute utilization of water and gives no data about when the water was devoured at each meter site. Conventional water meters requires back end charging which may not give exact charging. PROPOSED SYSTEM Water Meter Data Management gives a few advantages to the two utilities and client. It includes long haul meter information the executives for tremendous amount of information got from savvy meters. The information is then approved agreeing rule motor and put away in database for charging reason. Water Meter Data Management (WMDM) includes brilliant meter information assortment, arranging and the executives. It brings and records water meter perusing occasionally to recognize measure of water is being utilized by the purchaser. It additionally makes mindfulness among customers about the utilization of water. Water meter readings are gathered consequently without human mediation. After production, meters will have an all around one of a kind ID (UUID) which will be imprinted on meter and will go about as a feature of the meter’s sequential number. Under typical working conditions the Data Concentrator Unit will inquiry a meter occasionally to peruse its meter information. It is Data Concentrator Unit which consistently starts the correspondence between meters. Meter orders will be sent over radio recurrence to different meters from DCU and reactions is sent by meters. DCU occasionally speaks with meters and gathers information from them and sends to Head End Server (HES) regularly through HTTP. A WMDM framework performs precise information stockpiling and quick administration of tremendous amounts of information conveyed by shrewd metering frameworks. This information basically comprises of use and occasions that are imported from the Head End Servers and that deal with the information assortment in Automatic meter perusing (AMR) frameworks. A WMDM framework will predominantly import the information, at that point approve, purify mistakes and gauges it and makes it accessible for examination and charging reason. Each meter is incorporated with SIM, WMDM utilize Existing Global System for Mobile interchanges (GSM) systems for sending demand and accepting information. It guarantees quick and precise charging. Framework offers cautions on spills and suspected robbery. MODULES DESCRIPTION Undertaking contains the accompanying modules: Head End System Information Collection Approval and Error Estimation Representation Head End System HES is utilized get stream of meter information from DCU through the Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI). Information Concentrator Unit (DCU) speaks with a few quantities of meters and gathers the information from them and transmits to HES. The information is sent in various edge configurations and edges are of consistent size of 20 bytes. The edge comprises 4 bytes of header, 2 bytes of information size, 1 byte of casing id, 2 bytes of banners, 4 bytes of source address, 4 bytes of goal address, 1 byte of checksum, last 2 bytes of CRC. HES occasionally gather information from DCU and store it in various document organizations, for example, CSV, XML, and TXT. HES pings DCU to check whether water meter is reacting or not reacting. This is one of principle advantage in WMDM where it alarms on the off chance that if meter isn't working however water is being devoured. Peruse order is utilized to get specific meter readings among a few number of meters utilizing meter sequential number. It is DCU which consistently starts the correspondence between sets of meters. Information COLLECTION Information assortment permits information to be put away effectively and proficiently. It simple to-utilize information procurement answer for gathering water utilization data and for show and detailing purposes. It for the most part focuses on procuring different arrangements of information from various record groups put away in database. Rule motors are created to change over crude information into particular arrangements, handled and put away on to database. Radio Frequency HTTP Crude information Changed over to Local arrangements Precise information Approval AND ERROR ESTIMATION Rule-based calculations are created to approve meter readings put away in database. It gives either real information or the most ideal gauge. Invalid information can be broke down to additionally distinguish the main drivers of any issue. Numerous principles can be executed all the while and can be organized to coordinate business needs. Estimation dependent on utilization profiles or verifiable information are consequently determined as a substitute for missing information. Perception This module predominantly focuses on meter information translation got from database and pictured by hourly, day by day, month to month information utilizing charts. Perception module is additionally used to Compare meter information of various clients. Perception is more easy to use and furthermore makes mindfulness by contrasting meter information of various client. Prerequisite SPECIFICATION Useful REQUIREMENT Meters: DCU speaks with meters to gather and store meter readings as indicated by time frame minutes or hourly. Gives an ability to remotely get to meters readings to help client charging, administration and framework activity. Give preparing at the meter or inside framework vital for client support or framework activity application. Permits client to see meter information utilizing charts. Utility Data Processing: Section, update and observing of information on establishment and substitution of meters. Information put away as per customary stretches are approved as per charging measures and refreshed to database. Approved information must be incorporated to help client charging and other framework capacities. AMI Network System: It gives an ability to oversee immense meter information assortment calendars, and cautions if there should arise an occurrence of meters issue and all other framework support and tasks. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIRMENTS Accessibility: Water meter Data Management System is accessible day in and day out. Client can see their water utilization whenever. Unwavering quality: The unwavering quality of the general application relies upon the dependability of the meter information being gathered. Practicality: If there should arise an occurrence of a disappointment, the meter information can be mentioned from DCU. Immense sum information can be effectively put away and refreshed. Extensibility: New highlights can be included and framework can be moved up to meet business prerequisites. Execution: Reaction times †application stacking, screen open, revive times, and so forth are profoundly responsive. Handling times â€Calculations of bill, bringing in and sending out information are done in less measure of time. Question and Reporting times †The application starting burdens and ensuing burdens are done quick. Misrepresentation Tolerance Framework recognizes the altering in meters naturally.

The Emerald Forest by John Boorman Movie Review

The Emerald Forest by John Boorman - Movie Review Example Aside from the distinction in the power structures of these two social orders, as long as they can remember styles and societies are unique. Western current society is created and progressed regarding innovation and utilizations automatic rifles and weapons to battle, aero planes to venture out and different machines to cut off woods and clear the land for development, though the undetectable individuals don't have a lot of utilization of innovation as they use bolts and lances to battle and travel by strolling significant distances (â€Å"Proyect†). As wanadi says, â€Å"When I was a kid, the edges of the world was far away, however it comes nearer each year.† It implies that western world is developing in innovation and now traversing the whole world to reach far away places have gotten simple and quick. Be that as it may, as innovation is improving it is crushing the common habitat more (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). Air contamination from the aero planes, vehic les and so on have expanded bringing about different ailments influencing our respiratory frameworks when we breathe in the oxygen present noticeable all around. Likewise the cutting edge firearms and weapons have brought about the expanding destruction of humankind who are murdered in slaughters. The machines used to clean up backwoods have wrecked the magnificence of the world and the indigenous employment (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The normal assets are being drained with the reception of new innovation. This is the explanation that the individuals of the western world were called to be Termite as they chop down huge trees and decimate this present reality which is in backwoods (â€Å"The Emerald Forest†). The undetectable individuals are adoring, mindful, honest individuals who calls the timberland as their reality, who minds their own business, away from western culture and simply need... Both the conventional culture and the way of life of the western American social orders have their own great and terrible focuses however in my view, the way of life of the imperceptible individuals is much better than that of the westerners. The explanation is that the imperceptible individuals were acceptable hearted, cherishing people who were happy with their lives and were joyfully living with their kin in their reality. Their way of life fulfills all their humanly needs like physiological needs of food, water, sex and so forth, the wellbeing needs by giving them cover, assets to endure, wellbeing, their enthusiastic needs by giving family, love, and by giving a feeling of network in which individuals can rely on one another in period of their scarcity, their regard needs for example their way of life shows them how to regard others and certainty lastly the most elevated level of human need that is self-realization by giving them critical thinking capacities and ethical quality. The customary culture advances otherworldliness and the sentiment of network which makes them sacrificial individuals who not at all like the westerners don't destroy nature and others feel for their own needs or thought processes. This view is additionally bolstered by Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim who likewise sees present day society as a hopelessness in which individuals are miserable and never completely fulfilled. Despite the fact that they all have a similar end, they have various explanations behind their perspectives. As indicated by Karl Marx, this hopelessness results from free enterprise which separates society into two significant gatherings Bourgeoisie and Proletaria.

Good Will Hunting Biopsychological Approach Essay Example for Free

Cooperative attitude Hunting Biopsychological Approach Essay The biopshychological way to deal with Wills conduct would propose that he resembles he is a direct result of his cerebrum science. The synthetics in his cerebrum cause him to react brutally to pressure. The make up of his hereditary qualities cause him to be how he is and he would be like this regardless of how he was raised. This methodology would likewise recommend that he could be changed by medications to adjust the synthetic concoctions in his cerebrum. Conduct Approach: The social methodology would suggest that all of Wills conduct is found out and he is a result of his condition. He is vicious in light of the fact that he was most likely beaten as a kid and as he grew up he figured out how to deal with his issues through brutality. He kept up this conduct since he was never rebuffed seriously enough to get him to stop. He discovered that he could go to court and work out of his circumstances which didn't give him any motivation to quit doing what he was doing. He additionally learned not to get the chance to near anyone or open up to them. This was found out on the grounds that a portion of the individuals throughout his life who should adore him had surrendered him. Psychoanalitic Approach: The psychoanalitic approach would show that Wills conduct was from his inner mind and were driving forces from youth encounters. For instance, Will was thrashed in kindergarten by a harasser, later on in his life he sees the domineering jerk and stirs something up with him. His choice to battle was made subliminally from a motivation from a youth experience. At the point when he was a youngster he was likewise mishandled by his folks. Later in Wills life, he frequently turns to brutality subliminally because of his youth beatings. Humanistic Approach: The humanistic methodology would express that Will settles on his choices dependent on choice and is essentially a decent individual. Will is the way he is on the grounds that that is the means by which he needs to be. Will doesn't understand until some other time in life that he needs to much potential to squander his life. Will is a general decent individual. This is appeared in his in his activities all throu gh the film, for instance, when he chose to continue working development as opposed to taking a vocation with military insight since he would prefer to help individuals by making lodging than get individuals executed. Subjective Approach: The intellectual methodology would recommend Will is the means by which he is on the grounds that that is the manner by which he sees himself. Will is an accomplished man however for a large portion of the film Will considers himself to be no one worth mentioning who will work for inexpensively remain in the ghetto. When his insight is seen understands that he has the chance to utilize his insight and make a big deal about himself. Sociocultural Approach: The sociocultural methodology would state that Will is the manner by which he is a result of impacts from society. Society normally sees individuals from the ghetto as individuals who will never make a big deal about themselves so he feels a similar path about himself. Society anticipates that individuals from the ghetto should fall back on viciousness to tackle their issues. This is the reason Will for the most part falls back on viciousness in predicament. Society additionally doesn't take into consideration m en to open up and share their inclination uninhibitedly. This is the motivation behind why it is so difficult for will to open up and get enthusiastic.

The Global Digital Divide essays

The Global Digital Divide articles The worldwide advanced gap in basic terms, alludes to the absence of access less created countries have to the Internet, as contrasted and progressively created countries. While talking about this theme in class, I thought that it was surprising the sum that the US and a couple of other driving countries utilize the Internet. Just about one-portion of the individuals on the planet have never made a call, yet we use sources like the Internet without even batting an eye. What huge numbers of us additionally never think about is the sorts of chances that individuals pass up because of the absence of innovation and framework in their country. Regardless of these realities, there are associations that are out there attempting to help overcome any barrier of the worldwide computerized isolate. As I expressed there are numerous gatherings whose reason for existing is to hinder the effects of the computerized partition. One of those gatherings is the UNDP or United Nations Development Program. The fundamental objective of this gathering is to enable poor nations to access the advanced economy. One specific need they have is to utilize the cuts in exchange costs offered by ICT to discover better approaches for extending smaller scale account activities for poor people. I imagine this is an extraordinary thought. The more cash that can be spared and utilized for business purposes in immature nations, the better. Why not exploit what the Internet brings to the table, and apportion a portion of the assets to help reinforce the economy of a specific country. Notwithstanding the thought expressed over, the UNDP additionally prepares little gatherings in creating nations in the utilizations and chances of the Net. By and by, I need to state that I concur with this strategy. With an issue, for example, the current one, maybe the most ideal approach to deal with the circumstance is to cleave away at it each piece in turn. A considerable lot of different gatherings engaged with the battle against the computerized separate use procedures like the UNDP. My genuine belief is that we need a combi ... <!

Prediction Errors and the Origin of Neuro-Chemical

Question: Examine about thePrediction Errors and the Origin of Neuro-Chemical. Answer: Presentation The Human capacity to see structure and the capacity to have future forecasts on the planet is an astounding accomplishment that development has offered to. This can be clarified through the idea of neuro-synthetic expectation blunder. As indicated by Kiper and Fellow Scholars (2016), the nature of expectation mistake is a vital idea of seeing how dynamic and learning occur inside our cerebrums. Concerning our different encounters and responses, it is normal for the cerebrum to anticipate what might be the following reaction with respect to a specific boost (Hands, 2016). Thus, being a form reaction that a cerebrum receives because of an ordinary reaction concerning certain reaction. In any case, in circumstances or improvement of genuine sign being not quite the same as the known rather anticipated boost, at that point this prompts an expectation blunder. The mistake of expectation has a positive reaction to the cerebrum, since it is utilized to show the mind the way of reaction in a superior and refreshed manner (Aboitiz Cosmelli, 2012). Concerning the difference in improvement, the paper will altogether include into investigating the expectation mistake and the way in which their neurochemical sources are considered. Investigation As indicated by Penner Mizumori (2012), the initiation like hood estimation (ALE) Meta-examination is applied in looking at the neural associates of expectation mistake in support learning. From the ALE investigation instrument, the discoveries are deciphered in the light of current computational models of activity choice and learning (Glimcher, 2015). As expressed by Kilburn, Thrasher, Gray (2010) the expectation blunder to a great extent prevents the common pace of learning. Forecast blunders Is a valuable idea particularly to neuroscientists. It helps in seeing how learning forms and the way toward settling on essential choices occur in cerebrum. Cerebrum as a rule partakes in transmission of signs to different pieces of organs inside the body tissues. It for the most part foresees what will stumble upon being activated by different incitements or in understanding to different circumstances. Forecast mistake ordinarily result when the real sign expected is altogether different or rather than the sign really anticipated. It is in this way a valuable idea in setting up the cerebrum how to react better upon activated with specific signs. The information is likewise exceptionally helpful in examining neural preparing. This will empower the cerebrum framework think about and separate based on what was really expected and what has occurred concerning different neurotransmission forms. As per Kilbum et al (2010), to comprehend this procedure better it was fundamental to think of the computational neuroscience methods to comprehend neural transmission of the cerebrum to different organs, which helps to see better the neural working. Clearly, Glimcher (2015) states that the applied comprehension of the expectation mistake is exceptionally valuable to neuroscientists to assist them with survey the cerebrum in prescient turns, which impacts the conduct of sanity in each person. The mind resembles a PC model it codes our activity, considerations and prone to foresee the mental conduct of differing characters (Forati Sabouni 2015). In addition the expectation blunder strategy causes us to all the more likely comprehend the different procedures inside the earth to suit the comprehension of various conduct character characteristics; in regard to the complex organic procedures and reproductions (Domnguez Gmez 2014). Most people learn all the more quickly about signs for which they generally checked erroneous expectations unique to which their earlier forecasts are exact. As per Anticevic, Repovs, and Krystal (2014), the mistake related conditions or situations ted to draw in more consideration as saw by the highlights of occasion related scalp possibilities that are recently ensnared inside the particular visual consideration. As from Aboitiz and Cosmelli (2012)s research, under the expectation blunder minimization, a people mind consistently looks to reduce its forecast mistake. It for the most part limits the dissimilarity between its forecasts concerning the tactile information and the tangible information. Prize assumes an extremely critical job in conduct of person. Dopamine reaction speaks to an exceptionally basic part in subordinate fundamental procedures and furthermore mistake driven reasons for the prize. The likelihood of sign mistake to exist demonstrates that blunder driven learnin g by capacity to exhibit their usage in the equipment of the neuron (Zerach Kanat-Maymon 2016). The capacity to have a neuronal correspond for a positive prize expectation blunder in our synapses approve the reasons researchers and people look for more noteworthy prizes, which is a mental social quality, which useful upgrades the enduring culmination in forms identified with advancement (Richard Martin 2012). And yet for the most part result into age of disappointment of an individual, and mix cultural disparities that make prosperity of an individual compromised in regard to the economic wellbeing. Forecast Error in the Neurotransmitter System Basically, as indicated by Zerach Kanat-Maymon (2016), forecast mistake has different befuddles between an earlier desires and the real coming about response. In any case, as expressed by Farahany (201), the earlier desires depend on an operators model of the world that is in part hard-wired in the structure of neural circuits which is somewhat gotten from measurable regularities inside the tangible data sources which the specialist encounters over a lifetime. Likewise as indicated by Furey Drevets (2013), the PE flags a deviation of the cerebrums present state on the anticipated outcomes dependent on the current world model and requires an update. A proceeds with introduction and proceeds with responses and change of conditions will in the long run adjust the earlier desires, in any event, when such comparable desires are the inputs of the lifetime of experience, for example, the earlier (Cicchetti, 2015). Neuroanthropology process hypothesis has become a cored piece of how research er get reward; learning and the idea rather thought is moved to different sorts of neural handling, all bolstered o the essential idea that the data being inferred for the different disparity between what is required rather expected and the truth that happens can help cause the cerebrum to be a superior in anticipating (Peter M. Todd, 2012). Sorts of Predictions Errors Traditionally, there exist different kinds of forecast blunders: perceptual expectation mistakes, intellectual forecast blunders, and persuasive expectation blunders. Onur and Piefke (2011) expounds that, perceptual forecast mistakes are one of the essential and strong ideal models on exhibiting the neural reactions to sudden conditions in the crackpot worldview. Farahany (2015) declares that, the perceptual expectation mistake, the introduction of a freak crackpot results from an arrangement of rehashed standard boosts that evoke bigger nonpartisan action over the tactile areas. In any case, as indicated by Schultz (2011), the nature of perceptual PE Responses can be detached from any related ideas like appropriations and boost driven consideration through the oversight ideal models. Then again, under the subjective forecast mistakes, the cortical locales that are for the most part as a major aspect of the tactile preparing stream, are not considered as one of the tangible stream, in any case, rather they work on a higher request portrayals. There additionally exists the persuasive expectation mistake. As clarified by Schultz (2011), the tactile and the higher request psychological PEs expounded above show just a solitary part of the befuddle between a forecast and the general result, specifically the size of this crisscross. For the persuasive forecast mistakes, in a viewpoint of perceptual surmising, a given result/input can be pretty much astounding, yet it can go to be never more terrible or better than it would be normal. Is on the grounds that, inspirational forecast mistakes comprises of PEs which seldom mirror the valence of the result however basically the shock caused by this result are routinely called as the |unsigned PEs. Step by step instructions to Conduct Research on Neuro-Chemical Origin Looking into on the connection between neural frameworks and the compound codes has gotten progressively feasible by the utilization of neuro imaging strategies in catching the cerebrums action previously, during and considerably after it encounters a synthetic test, for example, tryptophan consumption (Robin Honey, 2016). Forati Sabouni (2015) portrays that, such a trial approach has been an extraordinary achievement in affirming straightforwardly that consumption of monoamines inside the cerebrums is legitimately identified with the bringing down state of mind. Furthermore as per Zhang, Pi, Song, Liu (2016), a neuro-Chemical beginning is an exploration that can't be cultivated explicitly from the human mind yet the utilization of trial creatures. In satisfying the neurochemical inquire about beginning, one have to concentrate on significant fixations, for example, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyndoleacetic corrosive (5-HIAA), that is truly tantamount to the comparable tissues inside the human mind tissues (Slack, 2011). This would incorporate utilizing creatures with little peil vessels, for example, felines, hares or rodents. This is on the grounds that the two creatures pial vessels profoundly have the capacity of giving vessels which display a high-liking take-up process with dynamic parameters that will in general be like those situated inside the cerebral cortex (Rolls, 2011). From the rodents piel vessels assortment of pharmacological controls can be completed. This would include a precise organization of the rodents piel vessels 5-HT antecedent, its monoamine oxidase inhibitor, 5-hydroxytryptophan and pargyline (Bertram Katzung Trevor, 2014). Another significant essential monoamine, noradrenaline, has additionally been inquired about by the utilization of tests and consumption stu

Daymond Johns Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Essay

Daymond John's Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Essay Daymond John's Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Type of Business and Competitive Advantage â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Daymond John’ s Life - Role of Family and Socio-Cultural Background, Type of Business and Competitive Advantage”   is an intriguing variant of an essay on biographies. Daymond Garfield John is an American entrepreneur and TV personality who is famous for founding a clothing line referred to as FUBU. In addition to founding it, he serves as the president and CEO of the company. He has been described as one of the modern-day entrepreneurs who live the precepts of the American Dream by rising from poverty to great wealth. Before the success of his company, John had tried other business ventures that did not do well. Today, he is famous for his role in the TV program Shark Tank in which serial entrepreneurs listen to business pitches from entrepreneurs who are seeking funding. He is also a motivational speaker, investor, and author. History, development, and growthJohn was born in the Queens neighborhood of Hollis, New York in 1969 (John 12). Like many other African American entrepreneurs, he was raised by a single parent (mother) and his grandfather. His first business was created at the age of 6. He sold painted pencils to boys so that they would give them to their girlfriends. He attended Bayside High School where he acquired his entrepreneurial spirit by enrolling in a program that gave him the freedom to attend school and study simultaneously (John 15). John credits this program for setting the stage for his introduction to entrepreneurship. After graduating, he founded a commuter van service that did not satisfy his drive to create a great business. He ferried passengers around his neighborhood and was able to make the business profitable by lowering bus fares and carried passengers to destination points of their choice. It is this same van that John used to start the business that put him on the global b usiness scene as a serial entrepreneur (John 16). Driven by the urge to venture into entrepreneurship, John decided to forego college and pursue his passion. As a result, he worked several odd jobs to make ends meet. He worked as a waiter and a messenger. In 1989, he created a line of handmade hats and named the company For Us By Us (FUBU) (John 25). He was motivated by the fact that many companies during that era, refrained from making clothes for African-Americans. His objective was to make clothes that would be identified with Africa-Americans. John also realized that the wool hats and tops available in markets were highly-priced and many people could not afford them (Romero 115). Following that discovery, he made 90 hats that they sold for $10 each. On the first day of doing business, John made $800 (John 26). The first day sales gave John more drive as he saw potential in the hats. In order to expand and increase production, he convinced his mum to mortgage their house in ord er to generate capital for his new business (Romero 115). He recruited his friends and incorporated them into the company. John did not have enough money. Therefore, he worked a full-time job to earn money to pay his bills. He used the breaks between shifts to work on his business. His big break came when he convinced a hip artist and friend LL Cool J to wear one of his hats in a commercial and his music videos (John 29). The popularity of hip-hop music in the 1990s played a key role in promoting the growth of FUBU. The growing popularity of FUBU hats prompted John to expand his business to include shirts and other apparel. After expanding, he became more famous and received more orders than he could not deliver. Therefore, he entered into a distribution deal with Samsung (John 38). He opened an office in the Empire State Building in 1997 in order to cater to the increasing needs of companies and individuals that needed his products. John together with his friends (Keith Pernin, J . Alexander Martin, and Brown) started with a small vision and plan that involved creating clothes for the inner city market that they believed had been neglected by famous clothing brands. However, they had relentless drive and ambition, passion, persistence to grow the business despite lacking adequate capital. His strong work ethic and passion led him to create a multi-million dollar business empire from humble beginnings.

Research Paper on Classic English Literature

Research Paper on Classic English Literature Sample Research Paper on The Great Gatsby: Introduction The story begins with Nick Carraway getting a house in Long island in a place called West egg. He was a scholar and had been educated at the Yale University. During the First World War, Nick got a job in France and, this is when he travelled the world. Nick was not satisfied with the life that he lived. Therefore, he decided to move to the small town and start again. During a visit to her cousin Daisy, Nick learns about the name of his neighbor, well known for throwing parties all the time. The neighbor, Jay Gatsby is a rich man who lives in a big mansion. Nick learns that Jay was an old-time love of her cousin Daisy. The two met five years ago and became extremely intimate friends. When Jay proposed to Daisy, she refused to marry him because he was not rich and, he had to go and work far away for a long period (Bloom, 72). Daisy instead married a young man from a sophisticated family who had so much money. Jay was hurt by daisy because she refused to marry him because he was poor. He worked tirelessly and eventually became a rich man. He then bought a house near the marital home of Daisy in a bid to rekindle the love they once had. Nick brings the two together when he invites both of them to his house. Daisy likes the new Jay and the love they once shared comes back to life. Daisy does not feel guilty that she is has extra marital affairs. This is because she knew the extra marital affair that her husband had with the wife of a petrol station owner. Daisy and Jay spend a lot of time together and this raises the suspicion of her husband. Jay did not seem to care whether she was married. To him, Daisy as his wife and all the years that he was away, Daisy had an affair with Tom. He believes that she is his wife so much that he told her he had forgiven her for having an affair. Tom storms into a room in New York where Daisy and Jay were. In the intense argument, he exposes the illegal dealings that Jay has that made him rich. Daisy and Jay drive away from Tom and on their way to Long Island they hit the lover of Tom (Luthbury, 140). She was running away from her husband who had locked her in. The truth about Jay wo unded the relationship they had with daisy. However, he still believed that he could win her back. The husband of the mistress of Tom shot and killed Jay assuming that he was the one who killed her. During his burial ceremony, Nick is annoyed because not all the people who called themselves friends of Jay and even partied with him appeared for his burial. The play can be in three parts. The first part is when Daisy and Jay meet. The two become close and fall in love over time (Bloom, Pp. 67). When Jay asks the question that he obviously knows would be answered positively, he receives a tremendous shock. Daisy refuses to marry him because he is a poor man. Another reason that Daisy gave Jay for refusing his proposal is that he is in the military. Therefore, he would be sent very far away, and she could not see him for an awful long time. Daisy then marries a rich man who is from a sophisticated family. Even though he was not good to her and treated her badly. This showed how Daisy was very hungry for money. She was so fast to leave a man that she had come to know just because he was not rich. He could not give her all the things that money could buy. She instead threw herself to a rich man for his money. His character and personality did not matter a lot to daisy. The second part of the play is during the period which Jay and Daisy rekindle their love. Jay went to extremes to try to make Daisy happy. This is because he started illegal dealings so that he could get rich and be able to buy a house near the marital home of Daisy. He is so desperate that he calls for parties now and then to get the attention of his lost love. When they meet in the house of Nick, Daisy is impressed because of the money Jay has. She then starts an extramarital affair with Jay (Fitzgerald, 200). She consoles herself that even her husband is has a relationship with another woman. Jay even stops calling people to party at his house when he finally learns that Daisy does not enjoy parting. The love between the two ends when Tom catches them in a room and exposes the dirty dealings of Jay. There is an intense argument and many people who were their friends witness the confrontation. Daisy does not want anything to do with Jay. After all the efforts that Jay had put to ma ke her happy, she rejected him so fast. He had even endangered his life through the illegal dealings, but Daisy did not consider that. The third part of the novel is when things get from worse to worst because of the affair of Jay and Daisy. When they leave the hotel, Daisy who is driving the car of Jay accidentally hits the mistress of her husband. The husband of the mistress, Wilson, had learned of her affair with Tom and locked his wife indoors. Daisy does not stop when she hits the mistress but continues to drive. Wilson, who is the owner of a petrol station is very hurt and seeks to kill Jay. He had assumed that he was the one who killed his wife. Tom seeking revenge had confirmed that indeed Jay had killed her. He finally kills Jay when he finds him in his swimming pool. He shoots him in the head and commits suicide. The number of people at the funeral of Jay is very small. This is opposed to the number of people that came to his parties and claimed to be his good friends. His parents traveled long distances to come and bury their son. It could have been better if he had paid more attention to his family than trying to woo a lost love. Nick is the person who witnessed the unfolding of the events. He is the one who made the two meet up, and it is from there that they get back together and start an affair. Nick who is the cousin of Daisy sees this as trouble and stops being close friends with the two people. He knew that only bad things would come from having the affair. Therefore, he becomes close with Jordan Baker who knew Daisy for a very long time. When Daisy killed the wife of Wilson, her husband assumed that it was Jay. He even confirmed to Wilson that indeed Jay had killed his wife. Tom had also exposed the illegal dealings of Jay to Daisy. He ensured that he had destroyed Jay. Nick was not happy when he learned of this. He was not pleased that all this mess had happened because Jay wanted her cousin back. Nick changed completely after the funeral of Jay. He noticed that not all the friends of Jay were there (Maurer, 45). The people who attended his funeral were not many. This was different to the number of people who came to the parties that Jay had and pretended to be his friends. Nick realized that all the efforts that Jay put to impress Daisy were a waste of time. The life of Jay ended so fast because he was obsessed with his past lover. He let Daisy drag him to his death. Nick changed his character completely and even stopped being friends with Jordan. Later on, he returns back home. He is the character who brought Jay and Daisy together by inviting the two into his house. This shows that he supported the relationship between Jay and Daisy. At the same time, he is not happy with the outcome of the events and does not want to be involved in their scandals (Fitzgerald, Pp 120). In the end, he cuts off all channels with them and returns home. Infidelity is a habitual thing in the novel. This is because there is more than one spouse cheating on his or her partner in the story. Wilson was cheating on his wife. The wife of Wilson was also cheating on her husband with Tom (Bloom, Pp. 67). Daisy was cheating on her husband with Jay. The author may have used this theme to show the sexual independence that people had after the First World War. He tries to show how people used the freedom to abuse marriages. Many people in America engaged in immoral behaviors that were not acceptable before the First World War. In their quest for a new America they mistook sexual immorality for happiness and pleasure. Through the story of Daisy, he shows how some women could accept to marry any man that had a lot of money and was from a good background. The people who came to the parties that Jay also showed abuse of sexuality freedom. This is because the author says that the people who came to the party left the party with a different person fro m the one they were with when they came. However, the love that Jay tried to rekindle with Daisy cannot be viewed as abusing sexual independence. This is because Jay believed that he had just married her and that she had been waiting for him all this years. The marriage that Daisy has with Tom did not exist in the world of Jay. He believed that Daisy was cheating on him with Tom and Jay forgave her for that. The publication of the novel influenced many people because apart from talking about the romantic story of the love that Jay had for Daisy, the author has an underlying message. The author talked about the different issues that people were facing at the time. He portrays the rotten morals that people had in the early twentieth century (Bloom, 45). He portrays this by talking about greediness and the wild quest of obsessions. The author shows how people misinterpreted the American Dream by chasing worldly riches and pleasure instead of looking for the good ideals of the American dream. After the First World War, people found life to be more difficult, and everyone was fighting to become rich. The suffrage movement led to more crime and illegal businesses in the United States. The author depicts these hard times and changes in his characters. Meyer who dealt with illegal businesses symbolizes the time after the suffrage movement when illegal businesses grew (Fitzgerald, Pp 94). The struggles to fit in the new America are depicted by the stories of Jay and Nick. They had to move in to a new place and try to fit in after the war was over. The obsession of Jay to become rich shows how people after the war were trying to become economically big. The difference between the people who were rich before and those trying hard enough to get there is depicted well in the novel. This is by the West Egg that refers to the people who became rich after the war, and the East Egg are those who were rich even before the war. Many people misinterpreted the American dream. They thought that it meant that it was the quest for wealth and obsessive happiness. The author showed the Americans how wrong they had interpreted the rights made in the constitution. The constitution made at that time in the United States stated that, â€Å"everyone has a right to liberty, life and the pursuit of happiness†. Many misinterpreted the quest for happiness with the quest of wealth. The author showed that the quest for money could only bring trouble. The obstacle to the happiness of Jay and Daisy was money. It was the reason why Jay would never be with Daisy. This shows how Americans allowed themselves to be driven with greediness and illegal dealings and it led to separation between the people who were wealthy before the war and after the war. They could never see each other in the same way. In the novel, the author talks about how the American dream lost its meaning. Like in the novel, the colonizers who came to America wanted to make it a better place. The colonizers were filled with dreams to make America a pleasurable place where there was love, equity and freedom. When they got to America, their dreams changed and they were after money, and they were filled with greed. This is because they saw the rich resources in America and each one of them wanted a share. Many people enjoyed the book and learned a lot from the stories talked about in the book. This influenced some people to change their ways by acquiring new values. They understood that there is a big difference between wealth and happiness and that being rich does not guarantee a person happiness or peace. Conclusion From the novel, it is clear that the author had an inner meaning and an outer meaning in his novel. The novel has many different stories surrounding two people, Jay and Daisy. Some scenes were very good and carried important messages. They include the scenes where Jay and Daisy finally meet after five years and how they started becoming lovers after that, when Tom catches Daisy cheating on him and when Wilson shoots Jay and then takes his life too. Nick changed his life completely and even returned home after he saw what happened to his friend Jay. He now understood firsthand how bad it is to be driven with obsessions and greediness. The novel talks about the activities that took place after the First World War and how it changed the American Dream of people. From the novel, it is clear that it is better to find true happiness than to try to look for wealth, as it will just cause troubles. ______________ AdvancedWriters.com is a professional research paper writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to purchase a research paper on Classic English Literature from our custom research paper writing service.

Social Determinism And Its Impact On Society Essay

Philosophers have attempted to define human nature for centuries, each coming up with a radically different idea of what makes us human. These determinists relate outside events or forces as the reason behind our actions. Our cognitive abilities separate us from beasts, however we are highly influential animals unconsciously and subconsciously. Social determinism has distinctly shaped mankind over time with a high degree of influence on our minds. 1. Historical Determinism Fredrick Hegel’s philosophy initially defined historical determinism and strongly influenced Germany and Karl Marx. Hegel is highly recognized for his ideas of Geist and human progression over generations with raised consciousness (Twelve Theories). With this view, he saw that throughout history humans had advanced mentally and culturally to reach full development. With his various works, Hegel influenced many readers and lead to the division of historical determinists. Hegel’s followers were categorized by the â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† camp based on whether or not they felt humans had reached â€Å"absolute knowledge† (Twelve Theories). In the left camp, a philosopher that left an impression on the concept of history named Karl Marx pushed Hegel’s theories further. Karl Marx criticized the other camp in his work, Philosophy of Right and expanded on his economic standpoint. Working with Engels, he formed a materialism theory based off of the historical determinist point (Twelve Theories). Marx argued that theShow MoreRelatedSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1431 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its happeningRead MoreSocial Shaping of Technology and Technological Determinism1417 Words   |  6 Pagest Social Context of Society Social Context of Technology – Essay â€Å"Technology is an independent factor impacting on society from outside society† Discuss with reference to both the Technological Determinist and the Social Shaping of Technology perspectives. The power technology obtains is incredible. In recent years it’s advanced greatly and I believe its limits is only our imagination. It is evolving at a quicker rate than ever and its Read MoreHuman Nature And Four Types Of Determinism1551 Words   |  7 PagesB00697247 GSTR 110 Human Nature and Four Types of Determinism By examining the works of Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman, it becomes clear that humans are mainly influenced through social determinism, human evolution, and neurology, but evolutionary determinism has the most impact on human nature. Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, Fredrick Hegel, B. F. Skinner, Charles Darwin, and David Eagleman were all men who were interested in what particularRead MoreEssay Technological Determinism1184 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological determinism is a term developed by Marshal McLuhan, a theorist in the study of new media. By technological determinism, McLuhan refers to technology having the power to change societies and influence our cultures. In this essay I will argue that technology does have the power to change society and influence a civilization, using ideas put forward by Marshal McLuhan. I will also discuss the debate around technological determinism recognizing the claims made by Raymond Willi ams that society shapesRead MoreStructural Functionalism : A Society With Organic Solidarity869 Words   |  4 Pagesthe earliest theoretical approaches in sociology canons, Structural Functionalism focuses on the ways in which various structures in society such as the economy or education system interact with each other and the functions they serve. One of the most prominent functionalist theorists was Emile Durkheim, who devised the idea that solidarity, the force holding a society together, is largely determined by the degree of interrelatedness and interdependence of individuals brought about by division of laborRead MoreBehaviorism To Teach Human Behaviors. Author’S Name. Institutional981 Words   |  4 Pageswill and its relation with behaviorism is deliberated and their differences are highlighted. Determinism and Reductionism concepts are linked with each other and their differences and relationship with behaviorism and free will is examined. Skinner’s views of society and his perspective on learning theory and his ideas on behaviorism are mentioned. Behaviorism Resulting in Problems in Society Behaviorism is based on the idea that behavior is developed through conditioning. BehavioristsRead MoreSocial Construction Theory : The Product Of Society And History851 Words   |  4 PagesFall Term Essay 1 Social construction theory explains human behaviour and identities as the product of society and history (Vance 29). This theory is the opposite of biological determinism and essentialism which suggest that genetic, physiological, and biological traits determine human behaviour (Vance 29). As mentioned in lecture (Klement), identities are unique to every person; they are the values, norms, values, and images in society that are combined, constructed, or created. Societal pressuresRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Mead-Freeman Debate1283 Words   |  6 Pagesfacts within the social sciences. Freeman’s critique sparked an intense controversy in anthropology regarding the concept of nature versus nurture. Freeman claimed that Boasians’ insisted on separating cultural determinism (nurture) from biological determinism (nature). Thus, various academic writings emerged in support of one concept over the latter. Even though, most modern-day scholars support both cultural dete rminism and biological determinism in shaping the human’s social milieu and developmentRead MoreWhat Are Technological Determinism, Scot, Feminism, Semiotic Approach, Cultural / Media Studies Approach?1175 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are: technological determinism, SCOT, feminism, semiotic approach, cultural/media studies approach? Technological determinism is a reductionist theory that presumes that a society s technology drives the development of its social structure and cultural values. Social construction of technology (also referred to as SCOT) is a theory within the field of Science and Technology Studies. Advocates of SCOT—that is, social constructivists—argue that technology does not determine human action, butRead MoreInformation System Essay2713 Words   |  11 Pagesthat technology has been an ever-apparent part of the human society. Today, technology is used in a variety of ways and is essential for the survival of the human society. While technology is wholly accepted as an essential part of life, there has always been a debate whether it is technology that revolutionizes society or society that influences technology, essentially a sociotechnical debate. The former is known as Technological Determinism that is defined as the assumption that technology is the

Understanding Research Methods Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The research is looking to ascertain whether the changes that have been affected by the new ERP system have changed the communication between the nurses and patients. The research takes both the qualitative and quantitative methods of research as it looks to exemplify and understand the different factors that have changed with the changes in systems. The research, therefore, takes different methods of collecting data and information to incorporate both methods of research. The research uses questionnaires and interviews as the process of collecting information through the two methods. A pilot study of the questionnaire was produced and sent out to a few participants in order to come up with a set of questions that met the needs of the research. After the information and data were collected from the pilot questionnaire a finalized set of questions was thereafter drafted to ensure that all the important aspects of the research were captured. The questionnaires were used as the main me thod to collect qualitative data that could later be tabulated and analyzed statistically (Picardi and Masick, 2007, pg75). One of the main problems that were identified from the pilot questionnaire was the structure of the multiple choice questions that were found to be wanting and had too much ambiguity and details that made it difficult to answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Research Methods or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Sleep A Condition Of Body And Mind - 990 Words

Sleep:/slÄ“p/ (noun) 1. A condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended (Google Search Dictionary). Humans need sleep to function. Without it, our body cannot survive physically or mentally. Sleep helps the body replenish its need for energy and leaves you feeling awake and refreshed when you wake up; therefore, it is crucial that people do just that: sleep. Research has shown that when we sleep, our brain cleans out all the unwanted information we do not need anymore and puts it to waste. According to Harvard Med., â€Å"†¦ sleep makes us feel better. We feel more alert, more energetic, happier, and better able to function following a good night of sleep.† Also, when we consistently get a good night’s rest, we are less likely to become ill; we can remember thing more clearly; we can concentrate better; be in a better mood; have the ability to make better decisions; live longer; and perform better in athletic activities (Ballinger 1 2). This evidence shows you that it is necessary to receive a good amount of sleep at night since without it; your body cannot function as well. Many people wonder how much sleep we need. Depending on our age, environment, and other factors, it may vary. Nowadays, many teenagers only sleep for 6-7 hours a night not knowing that it is necessary for their bodies to haveShow MoreRelatedSleep Is A Condition Of Body And Mind1230 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Oxford dictionary, sleep is a condition of body and mind in which the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed and consciousness is practically suspended. Sleep typically recurs for several hours every night. It is made up of two states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep that alternate in a repetitive cycle across a sleep episode (Carskadon Dement 2011). Memory is defined as a behavioral change caused by an experienceRead MoreSummary On Symptoms Of Sleep Apnea717 Words   |  3 PagesSymptoms of Sleep Apnea By Stuart Bazga | Submitted On July 15, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Stuart Bazga Sleeping is vital to the well-being of a person. With enough sleep we have aRead MoreEssay on Who Needs Sleep?1546 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States 40% of car accidents are linked to lack of sleep (Souza). Sleep deprivation is a serious problem; people do not seem to care about or pay attention too. Everyone needs sleep; it is the mind and body’s natural way of restoring itself from a day’s work. There are four stages of sleep and according to The Better Sleep Council the first stage is when the mind is relaxing, and the eyes close. It is easy to wake someone during this stage, and people often feel like they are fallingRead MoreImportance of Sleep Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the late 1800s and early 1900s, nine hours of sleep was the norm, but no more. Technology and long work hours often prevent sleeping nine to ten hours each night; however, eight hours would vastly improve psychological and physical health and well-being. Chronic sleep deprivatio n is less than five hours nightly. Getting the proper rest is important to stay alert during the day; Studies prove that eight or more hours of restful slumber every night enhances mood, brain function, and increasesRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleepwalking On The Nervous System1564 Words   |  7 Pagesserious psychological issues underlying, for the majority sleepwalking is benign and is grown out of. Some factors that are thought to cause this disorder are: fatigue, fever, which directly affects the nervous system, general illness, stress, or sleep deprivation, although none show definite connection to the illness. Sleepwalking , formally known as somnambulism, is a behavior disorder that originates during deep slumber and results in ambulating or performing other in-volute comportment whileRead MoreHealthy Body And Mind : Guidelines1416 Words   |  6 PagesHealthy body and mind Definitions - Wellbeing A stage with good health and satisfying financial conditions is called wellbeing. - Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely The absence of disease or infirmity. Indications of: - Good health and wellbeing Health indicators Health indicators are summary measures that are designed to describe particular Aspects of health or health system performance. Health indicators are generally DevelopedRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep And Sleep Deprivation On The Body1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Has on the Body. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about why we need sleep and what happens if you are sleep deprived. Thesis: Sleep is crucial for any living creature and lacking an adequate amount of sleep is detrimental to health. Introduction Attention Getter: Many of us will spend about a third of our lives sleeping, yet don’t know why we need sleep or how important it is for the body. Did you know you can die faster from sleep deprivation thanRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesof effectiveness of those hours however, depend on effective rest. â€Å"Sleep is integral to the health and well-being of all people† (Wells 233). Sleep is simply defined as the body’s rest cycle – a time to recharge. The widely accepted metric for normal or sufficient sleep is about 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep. When this metric is not met, either through total sleep loss or accumulated sleep debt, the effect can be dire, â€Å"Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yieldsRead MoreA Dream Cycle The Dreamer1475 Words   |  6 PagesImagine, during some much-needed sleep, that an anthropomorphic demon forms, peering from the opposite side of the room, aliens begin conducting strange experiments, hooded ghosts murmur incomprehensive secrets. All of this as a strange bout of full-body paralysis takes hold. How does one explain away an experience as strange as this? For some, it feels like waking up dead; being confined and unable to move. Literally paralyzed. This paralysis is only worsened by a growing sense of alarm. Is thereRead MoreSleep Deprived Athletes : The Lack Of Sleep Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprived Athletes Do you feel sluggish while playing your favorite sport? The lack of sleep can negatively impact an athlete’s performance. Athletes that are fatigued can experience negative; mental, emotional and physical conditions. These negative conditions become noticeable on the field, either during a game or throughout practice. They can impact the team in a way that wouldn’t benefit the other players. This could be a crucial way to determine if the team will win or lose that particular

Does prison work - 1064 Words

BA CJ Assessment Front Sheet – 2008/9 Year 1 This section to be completed by student: Student Number: S11003263 Assignment Deadline 27th November Module Title Code Study Skills SOC163 Word Count 754 Declaration In submitting this assignment I confirm that this is the product of my own work and I am aware of and agree to abide by the University s regulations concerning plagiarism. Haydn Roberts This section to be completed by module leader: 1. PRESENTATION Layout, Word Count, Page Numbering, Type set, Spacing, Referencing, Quotations, Bibliography,†¦show more content†¦However Newburn (2009) also compares this to how prisoners are seen in the eyes of the law, he suggests that offenders should be seen as no different from anyone else in society. Rehabilitation programmes are being run within prisons. The media often criticises prisons for making criminals worse than actually helping them. Ramsbotham (2005) argues that prisoners are poorly educated on prison life before they enter, making them more likely to follow other inmate’s routines and behaviour. This means that while in prison offenders can be influenced by worse behaviour of other inmates. The Home Office (2005) shows that while in prison one in three prisoners use drugs. Another problem with rehabilitation in prisons is that the majority of offenders receive short sentences, this can affect their rehabilitation as rehabilitation staff are given a limited and insufficient amount of time to re-educate prisoners (Joyce , 2006). On the other hand key performance indicators have been implemented to monitor the effectiveness and success of the prisoner’s rehabilitation (Davies et al, 2005). Security is another factor that relates to rehabilitation of offenders, which suggest that prisons are a primary place of punishment and not a place of rehabilitation (Joyce, 2006). Joyce (2006) also explains that the extent or availability of training and education is considerably influenced by inmate’s security and riskShow MoreRelatedDoes Prisons Really Work1038 Words   |  5 PagesLesson Never Learned It is often said â€Å"prisons work† but does it actually teach the inmates a lesson? Or does it just give criminals a holding place until their sentence is up? These questions come up often because of the security issues inside the prisons, the percentage rates of the inmates that end up back in prison, and taxes that affect the citizens of the community surrounded. In prison movies, the actors in the movies usually are thugs in prison for murder or drugs. But in reality thereRead MoreIt Is Often Stated That Prison Does Not Work Because of the High Recidivism Rates. Why Do You Think the Prison Population Has Increased so Much in the Last Ten Years?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the penal system need to decide whether the system is effective in doing its job, or reforms are needed to improve the way it conducts itself. What causes Recidivism? Recidivism is caused by criminals who have been through the courts and prison system and still refuse to turn away from crime; the causes of repeat crime may involve many social factors, such as society, the economic climate, or family issues that may affect the criminal in a negative manner. Perhaps the need for more governmentRead MorePrison Is Defined As A Building Whereby People Are ‘Legally1674 Words   |  7 PagesPrison is defined as a building whereby people are ‘legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed, or whilst they are awaiting trial.’ According to the prison reform trust, the prison system has been overcrowded since 1994 and the prison population has increased, where between June 1993 and June 2012 prison population in England and Wales increased by 41,800 prisoners to over 86,000. With such increased numbers, it is questionable as to whether prison is effective, if it works andRead MoreGrading Stalinist Prison Camp Hq Through The Purposes Of Prisons Through History1244 Words   |  5 PagesGrading Stalinist Prison Camp HQ through the Purposes of Prisons through History The prisons we typically think of in modern American society are distinctly and majorly different from the Stalinist labor camp Ivan Denisovich Shukhov presides in the book, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, but all prisons have four major purposes. These purposes are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation. By rating the prison camp that Shukhov resided in for 3,653 days, a greater understandingRead MorePersuasive Speech966 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans. In America, crime does pay because our nations prison system is not working properly. B. Most of you may know someone who is either a family member or a friend who has committed a crime and served jail time that has gotten out and committed the same crime. Not once but twice maybe even a third time. Now what does that tell us? C. Today I will address the prospect of prison aims to stop someone who would commit a crime and in the case of an offender serving a prison sentence, stop them fromRead MoreEffectiveness And Effectiveness Of Incarceration980 Words   |  4 PagesBritian is now known to have record numbers in jails, which is also accurate for many other countries, such as USA, which has over two million people in prison, one and a half million serve in China and nearly one million in the Russian Federation (Newburn 2013: 706). Despite the fact that jails and conviction work differently when it comes to other countries, we can all agree on the fact that they exist namely in order to prevent crime and set justice for those who have been a victim of one as wellRead MoreIs Prison Labor Good for America? Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesLit Essay Prison Labor In America Is Prison labor good for America? Introduction: The Benefits and Problems Due to the tight labor market, companies are relying on prisoners to provide them with labor. As of now, private prisons have become one of the largest powers in the â€Å"prison-industrial complex.† There are approximately 18 private prison corporations, which guard 10,000 prisoners, and more than 37 states have legalized the contracting of prisoners by private companies (Prison Slave Labor:Read MoreRita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption1218 Words   |  5 PagesDufresne arrives at Shawshank prison. Unlikely the other convicts Andy is not a hardened criminal. He is a soft-spoken banker convicted of killing his wife and her lover. Andy claims he is innocent. Soon after he arrives at the prison The Sisters, a gang of prison rapists led by Bogs Diamond, turn their attentions to Andy. The story is narrated by Red. He is the guy who can get stuff. Red his well known for being able to get almost anything into Shawshank prison, and this is the reason thatRead MoreEssay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice System1640 Words   |  7 PagesNationally, every 7 minutes, another person enters prison. And every 14 minutes, someone returns to the streets, beaten down and, more often than not, having suffered a great amount of violence during his or her incarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarceration really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world. (National CriminalRead MoreReforming The United States Prison System940 Words   |  4 Pages1/19/2016 Reforming the United States Prison System The United States is the largest jailer in the world. With only 5 percent of the world s population and a disproportionate 20 percent of the worlds prison population the United States also has the highest incarceration rate in the world (Chamman). In fact one in every one hundred and ten adults in the United States will be incarcerated. Many of these adults will return to prison later in their life (ACLU). The Prison Crisis has become a recent phenomenon

Agriculture in Brazil Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Free Essays

This paper examined the historical and political rule of agricultural policy formulation in Brazil from 1964 to 1992. The article also centered on how trade, credit, and support-price policy evolved in response to economic crisis and democratization in the 1980s. The economic crisis caused the agricultural policy of Brazil to be redesigned with the change in political regime and with the institutions of interest-group representation that significantly influenced the direction of policy reform programs and assessments. We will write a custom essay sample on Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The return to a democratic regime of this nation permitted the local legislatures and the judiciary to take part in more significant agricultural policy rules. Simultaneously, the republic led to the questioning of other institutions and there was an emergence of more participatory organizations in the agricultural sector. These changes have caused policy making to become increasingly subject to explicit rules, which should lead to more predictable policies and a long-term reduction in discrimination against Brazilian agriculture (Helfand 1999). Brazil promoted agriculture and greatly achieved a rapid expansion in this sector, but its record on poverty was disappointing (Helfand 2001). One reason was that biases within the agricultural sector, notably in taxation and subsidized credit, favor large farmers and work to the disadvantage of labor. These biases interact with the highly inequitable initial land distribution to reduce the gains to the poor from growth. Brazil vividly demonstrates that promoting agriculture is not enough. Policies within the sector also matter. Brazil’s income tax greatly favors agriculture in relation to other sectors, but only the rich can reap the benefits. Through special provisions in the income tax code, corporations can exclude up to 80 percent of agricultural profits from their taxable income, and individuals can include 90 percent. Fixed investments can be fully depreciated in the first year and can even be depreciated two to six times over. This, together with high inflation, encourages corporations and the rich to over invest in land. The result has been the accumulation of large Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 2 landholdings and increases in land prices that exceed growth in land productivity. The poor do not benefit from the tax breaks, since they pay no income tax, and they cannot afford to buy land. Many move to frontier areas in search of unclaimed land. A progressive land tax could offset the bias in the income tax. Brazil tried this but failed because of widespread evasion and many exceptions. One such exception, intended to encourage land use, reduces the tax by up to 90 percent if owners use the land to graze cattle. This promotes the conversion of forestland to uneconomic livestock ranching, reduces the demand for labor, and has harmful environment consequences (Grahan 1987). Agricultural credit has been exceptionally distorted in Brazil. Until recently, real interest rates on official credit were negative, and real interest rates on loans for agriculture were lower than in the nonagricultural sector (Grahan 1987). The difference in credit terms between sectors has been capitalized in the price of land. Although subsidies raise profits in agriculture, they have mainly benefited large farmers and have encouraged excessive mechanization, again reducing the demand for unskilled labor. Poor people who lack land titles have not benefited from credit subsidies. Agricultural policies in Brazil have reduced labor demand and have made it almost impossible for a poor person to buy land and become a farmer. Opportunities for unskilled workers to acquire skills by becoming long-term workers have been substantially reduced by subsidized mechanization (Helfand 1999). The years from 1947 to 1963 were generally called the import substitution period. The primary agricultural goal in the first period was to produce an adequate supply of reasonably priced food for urban wage earners. A secondary goal was to generate foreign exchange to finance the importation of industrial raw materials and capital goods. Agriculture was not considered a vital growth sector, but rather a reservoir for surplus labor not absorbed by rapid Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 3 industrialization. From 1961 to 1963, food shortages, high food prices, and near hyper-inflation forced the government to give more attention to the agricultural sector. The inability to cope with these problems and concern over leftist politics resulted in the military-led revolution of 1964. The second period (1964 to present) is a phase of economic growth characterized by export expansion and diversification. The military governments after 164 advocated a completely different role for the agricultural sector. The relative backwardness of the sector was acknowledged, but the causes and cures were perceived quite differently. Farmers were believed to be responsive to prices and the distortions and disincentives created in the earlier period were gradually removed. New government investments and incentives emphasized modernization of agriculture (Truran 1977). Large quantities of subsidized credit were tied to the purchase of â€Å"modern† inputs such as improved seed, fertilizers, chemicals, and machinery (Grahan 1987). These inputs were made more easily available by exchange rate controls, overvalued exchange rates, tax exemptions, and direct government distribution. Low interest loans for operating costs and investment expenditure encouraged farmers to produce certain crops and livestock. Investments to improve marketing and transportation facilities were made, in part, to benefit the agricultural sector. Agricultural research and extension received more attention as the development and adaptation of technology became important in the face of stagnant yields (Truran 1977). Agricultural development in Brazil throughout its history has also been associated with the extension of its land frontier. After 1950, this process has been supplemented by some infrastructure development, undertaken by large farmers and private companies, who Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 4 were heavily subsidized through negative interest rates, especially in the 1970s (Grahan 1987). How to cite Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis, Papers

Manual for Recrystallization Essay Example For Students

Manual for Recrystallization Essay Chapter 1 Equipment involved and preparationChapter 2 Setup procedure before purificationChapter 3 Gathering of an unknown compound and the first step: filtrationCollection and measuring of crude sampleChapter 5 Evaluation methods for purityChapter 6 Frequently asked Questions and trouble shootingTo begin, the intent of this booklet is to give instructional advice. The instructions given will provide a basis to allow an individual to perform the necessary task to undergo the purification process. The design of the manual is to instruct students in a college laboratory setting. In particular, the area of science that the manual will focus on is Organic Chemistry. Students will be able to refer to this instruction guide throughout the semester because this process will be put in use often. The purification process if an essential part of chemistry, and the student must recognize its importance. Without a purified product, many of the drugs on the market would not be on sale. Even thoug h these purification procedures are on a small scale, it will provide a starting point for those who are just beginning Organic Chemistry. The skills needed to purify a product will come with practice and help from the instructor, but this manual will give the initial directions to help the student on purification. Once mastered, more techniques will help the student to gain a product that is pure enough to put on the market. The Equipment involved and preparationThe first step in understanding any laboratory process is understanding the equipment needed. Also, there is a need for the proper preparation of the tools needed before any of the steps can begin. The main pieces of glassware needed to conduct the filtration and recrystallization will be at least two 250ml flasks, a 100ml flask, and at least three 50 ml flasks. In addition, a glass stirring rod and a case of micropipettes would be useful. For the filtration procedure, a funnel with a rubber stopper, a trapper flask, and a small piece of filter paper is important to have. There is also a need for vacuum hoses in the filtration process as well. The student will also need a hotplate. The lab will provide all the necessary pipes needed to setup a vacuum and also the air current needed later on in the collection phase. Each lab will have different types of equipment, and it is the students responsibility to understand and learn how to work each tool. For any experiment to have the proper results, cleaning and sterilization is critical part of preparation. The best way to have the glassware cleaned is to steam clean the many pieces in a autoclave or a dishwasher. This may be done in advance by the instructor or the students. It is also good practice to clean the equipment by hand, even after it has come out of a machine cleaner. The funnel and the filter paper must also be free of any impurities so that it will not reflect in the result. Because the purification process is so important, there has to be a high standard of cleanliness for all the tools that the student will use. *It is extremely important that the student make sure all the pieces are dry as well or the weight of excess water will show up in the results. Thus exaggerating the final calculations*Above all else, it is important to take all the proper methods to be safe in the laboratory. All Students must wear safety goggles at all time in the lab. It would also be a good idea to wear pants and shoes in case of spillage. Also, the student might also consider wearing gloves, but the instructor will notify the student if the chemicals require a student to wear gloves. It is also important that all sa fety related issues be reported to the instructor immediately. .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .postImageUrl , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:hover , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:visited , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:active { border:0!important; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:active , .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3 .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ea5509e494c85a564f5a8859f493ad3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver EssayWARNING: DO NOT TRY TO CLEAN UP CHEMICALS WITHOUT NOTIFYING THE INSTRUCTORThe setup for the process is simple, but choosing the right solvent to do the job is critical. The setup of the glassware for the filtration procedure is as follows. First one hose must be firmly on the vacuum pipe on the water facet in the lab. The other end of the hose will go to

Native Son By Bigger Essays - Misconduct, Crime, Criminology

Native Son By Bigger Native Son Essay In Native Son Bigger struggles against authority. The authority is the white people. Bigger wants to have the same power as blacks. In the movie? The Heat? Stephen Moore played by Sean Lewis is the main charectar or protagonist. The authority is the leader of a gang that Stephen feels he should be the leader of. Both protagonists become powerful in their minds after committing murders and both feel that they deserve more because of their struggles. When Bigger kills Mary and Bessie he feels like he has more powerful. In ? The Heat? Stephen is a 20 year old gang member who has been in the gang for under a year. Steel is the leader of the gang who has been a gang member for over ten years. Steel has a lot of power and connections on the street and in his gang. When Stephen kills three rival gang members he feels like he has more power and influence than Steel amongst his fellow gang members. There is tension in the movie between Stephen and Steel the gang leader as the other gang members talk about ?a change in the guard? in the gang. Stephen and Bigger have some things in common. Both live in the bad part of town, and both don't get along with their parents. But both live in very different times. Back then blacks weren't respected or accepted, But over the years things changed and now blacks are accepted in society. When both men commit murder they feel more powerful. Both want to become more powerful and feel that violence is the answer. And both murders are the most important thing that has ever happened to both bigger and Stephen. Steel is the authority in ? The Heat ? and the white society is the authority in ?Native Son? . Both have more power than the protagonists. The white society keep the blacks from being equal from them. Much like Steel does with the rest of the gang. For example, the whites make the blacks live in bad conditions while they live in nice houses with cars. Steel keeps the other gang members in line and doesn't let them become to powerful. For example, when a member of the gang stands up to Steel in front of the other guys he is shot and killed in front of them to set an example. During a run in with a rival gang Stephen murders three of the members he earns respect from the other gang members and has thoughts of taking over as leader. Stephen becomes more and more full of himself and gets the other guys to buy into his ideas of him taking over as leader of the gang. Once word gets to Steel about his plans, there is a confrontation between Steel and Stephan. There was a huge fight between them which led to the death of both men. In Native Son the outcome was similar with Bigger dying and paying for his crimes. And in both cases they become to full of them selves and end up dying. English Essays

Free Essays on El Hombre Y El Mito

EL HOMBRE Y EL MITOPOR R. A. FONT BERNARD Est prà ³ximo a cumplir noventa y seis aà ±os de edad, y desde hace veinte, est lamentablemente privado de la visià ³n. Desde 1978 a la fecha, ha declarado diecinueve veces que est enfermo. En el prrafo inicial de las "Memorias de un Cortesano de la Era de Trujillo", se declarà ³ al borde del sepulcro. Pero a la vez, como lo hubo de consignar en unos desgarradores versos, es "el dueà ±o de un mundo de cristal que no envejece". Y es, en las presentes circunstancias de nuestro paà ­s, el principal protagonista de una comedia polà ­tica, que eventualmente podrà ­a evolucionar hacia el drama.Paradà ³jicamente, sus deficiencias visuales las utilizà ³, exitosamente, como uno de los temas electorales. Y en la actualidad alude a ella, para demostrarle a sus opositores polà ­ticos, que su ceguera no es tragedia, y que actà ºa con absoluta normalidad, porque no sà ³lo conoce la matemtica del azar, sino adems, porque puede ver el rostro del mundo, y de las gentes que lo pueblan.Fue , segà ºn su propia confesià ³n, un cortesano de la dictadura de Trujillo, y como tal, en el ejercicio de la oratoria polà ­tica, uno de los ms sobresalientes apologistas de la dictadura. Pero en ese ejercicio, fue el à ºnico orador que seà ±alà ³ el carcter dictatorial del rà ©gimen, y el à ºnico en predecir que à ©ste no sobrepasarà ­a los treinta y dos aà ±os, ya prà ³ximo a caer el dictador en un charco de sangre.Como polà ­tico, dotado de un protagonismo impar en la presente etapa de devaneos democrticos, ha actuado y actà ºa, conforme a lo que don Josà © Ortega y Gasset entendà ­a que son las circunstancias. Pese a que no se le suele reconocer como un destinista, y à ©l se proclama como tal, actà ºa con la conviccià ³n de que en la actividad polà ­tica, tiene un decisivo predicamento lo posible y lo conveniente.Reconocer que sentà ­a satisfaccià ³n en el ejercicio del poder, es una realidad y no un reproche. Pero, contrario a Trujillo, y a... Free Essays on El Hombre Y El Mito Free Essays on El Hombre Y El Mito EL HOMBRE Y EL MITOPOR R. A. FONT BERNARD Est prà ³ximo a cumplir noventa y seis aà ±os de edad, y desde hace veinte, est lamentablemente privado de la visià ³n. Desde 1978 a la fecha, ha declarado diecinueve veces que est enfermo. En el prrafo inicial de las "Memorias de un Cortesano de la Era de Trujillo", se declarà ³ al borde del sepulcro. Pero a la vez, como lo hubo de consignar en unos desgarradores versos, es "el dueà ±o de un mundo de cristal que no envejece". Y es, en las presentes circunstancias de nuestro paà ­s, el principal protagonista de una comedia polà ­tica, que eventualmente podrà ­a evolucionar hacia el drama.Paradà ³jicamente, sus deficiencias visuales las utilizà ³, exitosamente, como uno de los temas electorales. Y en la actualidad alude a ella, para demostrarle a sus opositores polà ­ticos, que su ceguera no es tragedia, y que actà ºa con absoluta normalidad, porque no sà ³lo conoce la matemtica del azar, sino adems, porque puede ver el rostro del mundo, y de las gentes que lo pueblan.Fue , segà ºn su propia confesià ³n, un cortesano de la dictadura de Trujillo, y como tal, en el ejercicio de la oratoria polà ­tica, uno de los ms sobresalientes apologistas de la dictadura. Pero en ese ejercicio, fue el à ºnico orador que seà ±alà ³ el carcter dictatorial del rà ©gimen, y el à ºnico en predecir que à ©ste no sobrepasarà ­a los treinta y dos aà ±os, ya prà ³ximo a caer el dictador en un charco de sangre.Como polà ­tico, dotado de un protagonismo impar en la presente etapa de devaneos democrticos, ha actuado y actà ºa, conforme a lo que don Josà © Ortega y Gasset entendà ­a que son las circunstancias. Pese a que no se le suele reconocer como un destinista, y à ©l se proclama como tal, actà ºa con la conviccià ³n de que en la actividad polà ­tica, tiene un decisivo predicamento lo posible y lo conveniente.Reconocer que sentà ­a satisfaccià ³n en el ejercicio del poder, es una realidad y no un reproche. Pero, contrario a Trujillo, y a...

Grounded Theory -- Definition and Overview in Sociology

Grounded Theory Definition and Overview in Sociology Grounded theory is a research methodology that results in the production of a theory that explains patterns in data, and that predicts what social scientists might expect to find in similar data sets. When practicing this popular social science method, a researcher begins with a set of data, either quantitative or qualitative, then identifies patterns, trends, and relationships among the data. Based on these, the researcher constructs a theory that is grounded in the data itself. This research method differs from the traditional approach to science, which begins with a theory and the seeks to test it through the scientific method. As such, grounded theory can be described as an inductive method, or a form of inductive reasoning. Sociologists  Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss popularized this method in the 1960s, which they and many others considered an antidote to the popularity of deductive theory, which is often speculative in nature, seemingly disconnected from the realities of social life, and may, in fact, go untested. In contrast, the grounded theory method produces a theory that is based on scientific research. (To learn more, see Glaser and Strausss 1967 book,  The Discovery of Grounded Theory.) Grounded Theory Grounded theory allows researchers to be scientific and creative at the same time, as long as the researchers follow these guidelines: Periodically step back and ask questions.  The researcher needs to step back once in a while and ask the following questions: What is going on here? Does what I think I see fit the reality of the data? Data does not lie, so the researcher needs to make sure their own ideas about what is happening matches what the data is telling them, or the researcher may need to alter their idea of what is going on.Maintain an attitude of skepticism.  All theoretical explanations, hypotheses, and questions about the data should be regarded as preliminary, whether they come from the literature, experience, or making comparisons. They should always be checked out against the data and never accepted as fact.Follow the research procedures.  Research procedures (data collection, analysis, etc.) are designed to give precision and accuracy to a study. They also help the researcher break through biases and lead him or her to examine some of his or her assumptions that might otherwise be unrealistic. Therefore, it is important that the correct research procedures are followed so that an accurate conclusion is reached. With these principles in mind, a researcher can construct a grounded theory in eight basic steps. Pick a research area, topic, or population of interest, and form one or more research questions about it.Collect data using a scientific method.Look for patterns, themes, trends, and relationships among the data in a process called open coding.Begin to construct your theory by writing theoretical memos about the codes that emerge from your data, and the relationships among codes.Based on what you have discovered so far, focus on the most relevant codes and review your data with them in mind in a process of selective coding. Conduct more research to gather more data for the selected codes as needed.Review and organize your memos to allow the data and your observations of them to shape an emergent theory.Review related theories and research and figure out how your new theory fits within it.Write your theory and publish it. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Early Formation of Our Government The United States of America Essay

Early Formation of Our Government The United States of America - Essay Example The other was the belief in covenants. Puritans believed that covenants existed not only between God and man, but also between man and man. The Pilgrims had used covenants in establishing their congregations in the Old World. The Mayflower Compact is such a covenant in that the settlers agreed to form a government and be bound by its rules. X: A new tax was imposed on all the American colonists in 1765, which is known as the stamp act. This act states that all the American colonists should pay a tax on every piece of printed paper. The reason of the tax is to defend and protect the American frontier near the Appalachian Mountains, where 10, 000 troops were stationed to accomplish the task. "The actual cost of the Stamp Act was relatively small. What made the law so offensive to the colonists was not so much its immediate cost but the standard it seemed to set. In the past, taxes and duties on colonial trade had always been viewed as measures to regulate commerce, not to raise money". X: Yep, July 4, 1776 was the day when the unanimous declaration of the thirteen United States of America was passed. It is also considered the Independence day of America. The struggle which was started in the start of the eighteenth century was come to the end at a positive note. In a nutshell, Americans did a lot to get the independence from the colonists, who were not loyal to the people of North

Applied managment & theory - xerox case study Assignment

Applied managment & theory - xerox case study - Assignment Example In order to analyse the change of management in Xerox, it is necessary to adopt many management theories to analyse friction by friction. PEST analysis, comprising of Political, Economical, sociocultural and technological factors, according to which the marketing environment is made up of three aspects, internal environment, micro environment, macro environment etc. The internal environment consists of staff that is also called internal customers, office technology, wages and finance etc. Micro environment is external customers, agents and distributors, suppliers, out competitors etc. Macro environment consists of Political and legal forces, economic forces, sociocultural forces and technological forces etc. PEST is concerned only with the Macro Environment, which is concerned with the production of the company. "The first is efficiency in the production of a given set of outputs. That is, with a given capital stock a given technology and a given set of resource prices, firms should be producing goods and services with a minimum expenditure of the economy's resources," (Cyert, 1988, p.36). Xerox had to overcome many problems while going through Change Management. It could not compete with the Japanese competitors because of high manufacturing cost. Internal culture and leadership suffered due to mindsets bordering towards complacent inertia. But later, leadership went through an immense transformation that led to the present enviable state of the company. It improved the quality of its products and the organisation turned the corner. In 1990s, Xerox introduced digital photocopiers, high-end laser printers with attached scanners and these products made Xerox march ahead of its competitors in this mercurial field. "Xerox worked to turn its product into a service, providing a complete "document service" to companies including supply, maintenance, configuration and user support." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox Xerox created excellent name for itself in the employment front as well. Company received 100% rating on the first Corporate Equality Index from the Human Rights Campaign in 2002. "They have maintained this rating in 2003, 2004, 2005. Xerox has been recognized by a number of other organizations for its diversity leadership as well." Ibid. As far as the political factors are concerned, the political scenario has a very large influence on business. It depends on the stability of the political environment, how could the tax regulation going to affect the company, what could be the Government's stand in marketing ethics, government's economic and industrial policy etc. It also depends on its religious or secular policies and if they are religion oriented enough to disturb other cultures or if there are any regional or international agreements and compulsions. Xerox did not face many problems due to political problems in home country, but it must have faced problems in other countries like Asian Specific countries, and to some extent, in India. "But, according to a recent article (Cordtz, 1974, "Xerox is moving into an awkward agethe company resembles a muscular adolescent who has grown so fast that he finds it difficult to coordinate his newly acquired strength" (page 117)" (Burke, 1977, p.22). In economic factors deal with market trends, economic predictions, theories of long and short term both, international market trend, any upcoming national and

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay

The Importance Of Service Quality In Tesco Marketing Essay This is about to finding out the importance of service quality, how people give importance and also how this service quality helped the Tesco to wash out the other retail firms even they are equal in size ,market share etc. While purchasing a product the consumer will consider many factors for selecting a retail outlet. Price ,service ,range of products, etc are the promenate ones among them out of this, quality of service plays a vital role the best example for this is the success behind the grocery giant Tesco . Therefore the need and scope of the study is to examine the importance given to the service quality by consumers while selecting retail. Service characteristics: many may have their own presumption regarding the service. It is basically intangible, inseparable, heterogeneity and pershhability. The first one is like people will feel they cannot see. The next state that goods can be purchased but service cannot be purchased like this service facilitates to buy a product. Inseparability is the performance or quality achieved on produced and consumed at the same time. The other one explains that the service quality cannot be determined exactly, it is hard to structure and the last characteristic of this service quality is as this service cannot be stored and provided it should reach the customers in effective manner. (Davies and Ward., P. 282.283, 285).In 1960s and 1970 the price factor was dominating the retailers and their competitor. They were concentrating more on pricing the products, higher margins etc. in 1980s retailers started working more on non price activities like customer satisfaction .service quality etc. t hese factors gave them competitive advantage. They separately worked on customer service strategies developed along with merchandising strategy to process the consumer in search, delivery, store selection process etc this all to retain the customer loyal to the store and makes them come often for the purchase and making the customer consider that their tore as first choice store. If the retailer wants to make good business he has to work on service quality, he has to work on the ways of giving the best service to the customers. (Cook and Wartlers, P.157, 159) Food enterprises started implement this quality control because customers knew the importance of health. So retailers were in stress to use it in order to extend their market growth and also to provide safety food. Small food enterprises have forced to implement because even suppliers started to demand the quality certificate. So small enterprises are forced to get this one this helped them to them compete with competitors. (Husband and Mandal, 1999 and Rodrà ¬nges-Escobar et al., 2006). This Cleary states the importance of quality and a service required by the customers and also tells how people preference has improved. (http/:www.Sundirect.com Copyright  © 2008) There should be a proper sale promotion than only it is meaningful to proper sales will be there or else people will not know about the store, this increase the sale. Like some techniques followed in like stop and shop even customer who not have any idea of getting into the store should be encouraged to do some shopping in the store like if some customer coming to shop should motivate him to buy something and buy bigger this is suggesting the buyer to buy more products in order to give him some offers for e.g. mega mart in India. The importance of this promotion activity makes the store well reputed, selling more goods making the customers comfortable by getting the things they need. for e.g. some goods may be in upper shelf they find hard to get that product there should be some representative to help them.(Pardhan ., p.171) there are lot losses in retail sector only few are able to make profit but also there are lot of difference with these stores many people had research like pric ing, products avialabtiy etc. There are various stores available now lot of oppurnities for people to choose the shops. Generally price and service are the e factors which attract the customer even all store people can reduce the price to certain level but all stores cannot provide the same service quality of another. So basically comparison starts with price and services at present they are able to give the price but not service. In 170s there were big competition between four stores Tesco, sains bury, and asda and kwik save these were making good profit in these periods. These gaining more on 1970-80 not because of own brands but through loyalty. They sold only good products as a result these all stores got well established Tesco 7.2 8.6 8.3 12.0 13.6 Sains bury 6.1 7.02 7.7 11.5 11.9 asda 1.5 2.5 11.5 5.5 7.3 international 3.2 3.0 5.5 4.0 5.2 Fine fare 4.8 4.2 4.0 4.2 5.0 Kwik save 0.3 0.6 1.4 4.0 4.9 Allied supplier 7.9 7.0 5.7 5.0 4.8 . As this table shows the constant growth of the stores like tesco, sains burys, asda and international this growth is because of their prices and service rendered by the store. In consequent years Tesco ranked as 3 from 5 having turnover around  £ 953 million. All other stores are also improving but not like Tesco. (Retail structure pg no: 101, 2nd edition) even there is lot of fluctuatations in growth because of services rendered by the stores. There are variety of competitors there they all compete with Tesco. Tesco shows it s growth only because of various fore thinking strategies. (Akerurst and Alexander., P. 106,) From all the reference we can say that Tesco is steadily growing up with various strategies but it concentrates more on service qualities. Tesco is one of the important stores in British retailing. It sells at low price and also very excellent its service as according to the customer needs it changes the business. Even it has many competitions with equal potential it survive as the first in its performance. (Ferine and Sparks.,, P. 101) Retail environment is turning rapidly, customers wants are changing and also expectations also increased, so retailers find difficult to satisfy the customers changing needs which cannot be retained by price reduction, discounts offers etc. This can be achieved by quality of service given to the customer .for e.g. appropriate space for car parking, enough space for people to shop inside the store etc. for e.g. Tesco which has a great place for car park big place to shop so people find easy to go there and also care taken in stores with public this all services make the store successful. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/230784q16g50121x/) PROBLEM DEFINITION: The main focus of this grocery store is to retain the customer its not like fashion store or footwear store for e.g. if we buy a shirt will use that for certain months or year as similar for shoe and slippers but for grocery it is totally different we will not use the products will consume it so repeated purchases will take within certain time. Grocery is totally different aspect there will be repeated purchases in this segment, because we will not use but we will consume grocery products. Main motivate of grocery retailer is to retain the consumers, which is very essential now a day consumers expectations are more, the need for service is increasing. Therefore the purpose of the study is about service quality because his makes the consumer to retain with the store. The study is about service quality which is also key contribution for the success of Tesco. Objectives of the study: Analyzing the customer satisfaction on the quality of service rendered by Tesco. How Tesco was able to succeed its rivals. What others retailers lack in their service quality. RESEARCH DESIGN: Research design is an arrangement of terms for the collection and verifying the information for a research study, which will clearly states the purpose and need of the research like (for whom ? why ?) .(Saunders ,Lewies , Thornhill .,P., P.153) TYPE OF INVESTIGATION: The research design is Descriptive in nature because; I will be having a clear idea about the person by the answers given by him. Descriptive study is nothing but showing the accurate profile of the person. (Saunders, Lewies, Thornhill., P. 134) SAMPLING DESIGN: Non-Probability sampling is that sampling procedure which does not afford any basis for estimating the probability that each item in population has being included in the sample. The sampling procedure for the study is non-probability sampling. I am also dont know the correct population, so I define my design as non probability design (Research methods pg no: 207,208,226).the technique used in research is simple random technique it can be used with the undefined population. We can select the results in simple random sampling because these are hard to get correct answers and also my research is also very similar because very large customer so I have taken simple random sampling technique. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill., P. 219) Primary data is the data collected directly from the sample. The primary data will be collected through personal interviews and questionnaires from the consumers who all coming to Tesco. Secondary data are those, which have been already gathered by others. The secondary data was collected from books, company profile, project reports, journals and websites. DATA COLLECTION METHOD: Data collection method should be very appropriate when we decide the method we have to think it in various aspects because we have to yield the good interview. So we have to plan in effective manner. The instrument used for research is a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire will be collected through schedule. A schedule consists of a list of a projects terminal element with intended start and finish dates. Respondents were contacted personally and were questionnaire is collected using schedule. (Saunders, Lewies, Thorn hill, P. 152) CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY: From all my reference I am able to understand the importance of service qualities and how it induce the organization it is very important reason for success of Tesco and also because of this lack of service quality many organization lost its market. So all employee in an organization should concentrate on service quality they have to work toward the satisfying customers and retaining them with the organization and also there should be proper motivation given to the employee to give the core benefits to the customers there should be more convenience for eg.24hours opened and 24 ATM insurances car insurances etc these are the services to be rendered.